Given scarce data on childhood cancer outcomes in Colombia and discrepancies among hospital-based, population-based, and government registries, we implemented VIGICANCER, a childhood cancer clinical outcomes surveillance system to collect, analyze, and disseminate valid, reliable, and timely data. VIGICANCER has expanded to ten Colombian cities, achieving inclusion of 55-60% of children nationwide. VIGICANCER yields key, exhaustive, and actionable population-based information, guides multilevel interventions, and informs public policy while providing timely feedback to participating institutions. VIGICANCER’s systematic results have positioned our childhood cancer surveillance system as a successful model in Latin America, reproducible in other low–and middle-income countries with similar contexts.