In an era where digitalization has dominated the financial world, cryptographic methods have become the foundation of secure transactions and data integrity. This report conducts an in-depth analysis of the cryptographic methods used in modern cryptocurrencies, namely Bitcoin and Ethereum, and traditional banking systems. The strengths, limitations and implications regarding security and scalability will be highlighted. Bitcoin, employing the usage of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA-256) offers a robust and decentralized architecture heavily resistant to modern threats such as brute force attacks, as well as future threats that may arise with the rapid development of quantum computing. Ethereum takes the fundamental principles of Bitcoin, and enhances them with innovations like Keccak-256, and Recursive Length Prefix (RLP) encoding, optimizing the security and efficiency for complex operations such as smart contracts. Comparatively, traditional banking systems utilize a hybridized cryptographic system, incorporating the usage of methods like AES and ECC to balance security with performance within a centralized financial system, however often constrained by the vulnerabilities methods like AES brings, such as information leakage and overall human error. This comparative analysis highlights the trade-offs between these three systems, offering critical insights into the rapidly evolving role that cryptography is taking in shaping the future of the financial world. The findings presented in this report offer actionable recommendations for advancing cryptographic techniques and adopting decentralized systems to enhance the resilience of commonly used financial systems out in the world today.