This research focuses on the synergistic mechanism between containerization and serverless computing technologies in edge computing environments to create optimized solutions for resource-constrained edge devices. Considering the complex resource management and high real-time requirements of edge computing, lightweight encapsulation and isolation are achieved by Docker containerization technology, and serverless computing support is provided by OpenFaaS platform to achieve intelligent routing and dynamic resource scheduling. This solution effectively solves the problems of low resource utilization and long task response time of edge devices. Various optimization strategies are proposed to improve the system performance. In terms of resource isolation, the Linux Cgroups and Namespaces technologies are used to ensure that different container resources are independent and stable, avoiding resource contention; in terms of load balancing, an algorithm based on dynamic load sensing is designed to reasonably allocate tasks by monitoring the computing capacity of the device, the network state, and the priority of the tasks to improve the overall performance; and the cache optimization utilizes Redis to reduce access to the back-end database, reduce response time, and optimize the caching of tasks. Cache optimization utilizes Redis technology to reduce access to the back-end database, reduce response time, and enhance processing capability. Finally, through the experimental evaluation, the scheme performs well in terms of resource utilization and response speed, which can significantly improve the efficiency and flexibility of edge computing, provide efficient solutions for smart home, Internet of Things and other fields, and also provide theoretical and technical support for the optimization and application of edge computing in the future.