A pilot soil and water conservation research project was conducted in the rainfed-low rainfall zone of Northern Iraq characterized by a Mediterranean type climate with seasonal rainfall between 300 and 400 mm. Runoff, soil and nutrients (N, P) losses, soil moisture storage and soil surface crust development were monitored for several consecutive rainfall seasons using small and large natural runoff plots under fallow- conventional tillage conditions. Data obtained were used to derive suitable single storm- rainfall-runoff erosivity factors for the region. Slight to moderate seasonal runoff and soil loss were recorded with one or two major rainstorms during the rainfall season account for the bulk of seasonal runoff and soil loss during that season. Significant losses in soil organic matter, N and P nutrients accompanied runoff and soil loss impacting soil productivity and water quality. Soil moisture level approaches the field capacity level during January, February and early March. A decrease in soil moisture storage during the rainfall season occurred during the past few decades due to the climate change effect. Rainfall infiltration rate drops drastically after a few rainstorms due to soil surface crust development. A preliminary assessment of direct groundwater recharge by rainfall in the region indicates between 3 and 11 percent of total seasonal rainfall contribute to such recharge.