Burn injuries are associated with high morbidity and mortality, and severe burns trigger many pathophysiological reactions, such as metabolic changes, distributive shock, and inflammatory responses, which are potentially devastating to patients. Burn wound management necessitates infection prevention, anti-inflammation, pain management, and growth factor management, but there are still significant obstacles. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by a variety of cell types, including mammalian cells, plant cells, and even prokaryotes, and are widely involved in various biological processes, such as cell survival, neovascularization, and immunomodulation. EVs are abundant in components that can play a major role in different stages of wound repair and at different subcellular levels at the same stage by transporting various active contents, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Moreover, EVs are detectable in many biofluids of burn injury patients and are thus regarded as novel biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic response and predicting prognosis. In this review, the biological roles of EVs and their mechanisms of action in burn injury are summarized. The prospects and opportunities for the clinical application of EVs in burn wounds are also discussed. This review will stimulate and guide additional in-depth studies of EVs in burn wound repair, provide a new therapy for burn wounds, and provide a reference and guidance for the application of EVs in clinical wound repair.