11pt, fleqn, a4paper, ]LegrandOrangeBook Objective: Epistaxis is a common otolaryngological presentation encountered in the clinical setting. This study compares ChatGPT’s accuracy, readability, and conciseness in addressing patient questions compared to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) Clinical Practice Guidelines [1]. Methods: Frequently asked questions (FAQs) for Patients with Nosebleed were extrapolated from the AAO-HNS Clinical Practice Guidelines [1]. ChatGPT-generated responses were compared to AAO-HNS model answers and graded by fifteen otolaryngologists for accuracy, readability, and conciseness. Results: 86.7-100% of otolaryngology consultants agreed with the accuracy of ChatGPT responses compared to 66.7-80% agreement with AAO-HNS responses. 66.7-93.3% of consultants agreed that all Chat GPT and AAO-HNS responses were easy to understand. ChatGPT responses were less concise with 6.7-40% consultant agreement, compared to 80-100% agreement with AAO-HNS responses. Conclusion: ChatGPT provided guideline-consistent epistaxis advice and appropriately encouraged specialist care but lacked conciseness. ChatGPT may serve as a useful adjunct for patients and clinicians.

Objectives: In recent years there has been a significant disparity between workforce capacity and clinical demand in surgical specialities, including the discipline of head and neck surgery (HNS). Undergraduate exposure to head and neck surgery remains limited despite an increasing disease burden amid a limited workforce capacity within the NHS. We studied the interest of final-year medical students in pursuing a career in head and neck surgery with the aim of identifying associated motivating and deterring factors. Design: A cross-sectional survey study. Setting: An online survey distributed across seven United Kingdom (UK) medical schools. Participants: Final-year medical students in the UK. Main outcome measures: Level of exposure and interest in head and neck surgery, factors influencing interest in the specialty, and career aspirations were evaluated with a five-point Likert scale. Results: 66.7% (n=422) had 1-7 days exposure to HNS. Within our respondents, complex surgery (24.2%), interesting patient population (20.2%) and complex pathology (16.7%) were the main motivating factors to consider HNS. Work-life balance (23.8%), lack of exposure (31.3%) and length of training (6.5%) were the most common deterring factors. 67.1% of students had felt they had inadequate exposure to the field during undergraduate training. Conclusion: The undergraduate curriculum must place more emphasis on HNS with students shadowing HNS specialists in ENT, OMFS and Plastic Surgery (PS) to cover the breadth of the speciality. Surgical leadership, mentoring and teaching can serve as a contingency way to motivate future doctors to consider head and neck surgery as a career.