AbstractStroke-induced brain remodeling involves a complex interplay of neurovascular components, including endothelial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and pericytes, which collectively contribute to the restoration of brain function. These processes are crucial for repairing the blood-brain barrier, regulating inflammation, and promoting neurogenesis. This review examines the mechanisms underlying brain remodeling and the role of advanced neuroimaging techniques—such as functional MRI (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and functional ultrasound (fUS)—in assessing these changes. We also discuss various therapeutic approaches aimed at enhancing brain remodeling, including pharmacological agents, stem cell therapy, and rehabilitation strategies that target neurovascular repair and functional recovery. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in translating imaging insights into effective treatments. Future research should focus on integrating multiple imaging modalities to provide a comprehensive view of neurovascular changes and refining therapeutic interventions to optimize recovery and functional outcomes in stroke patients.Keywords : Stroke; Neuroimaging; Brain Remodeling; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Blood-Brain Barrier

AbstractThe training of clinical neurology trainees is an extensive process that requires mastery of core medical sciences alongside the integration of evidence-based clinical practice (EBCP). Despite the growing emphasis on EBCP across various medical specialties, education in neurology and neurosurgery has not kept pace with these advancements. This review explores the implementation of innovative training methods, such as the flipped classroom model and AI-based tools, to enhance the teaching and application of evidence-based neurology (EBN). The proposed EBN curriculum aims to develop trainees’ critical appraisal skills and deepen their understanding of clinical evidence. By concentrating on contemporary clinical questions and utilizing state-of-the-art technologies, the curriculum seeks to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes in neurology. Structured topic selection, preparation, and tutorial sessions are designed to enhance practical knowledge and critical evaluation skills. The integration of AI tools further supports trainees in conducting comprehensive literature searches and critically appraising studies. This dynamic approach ensures that neurology training remains responsive to the evolving needs of the field, ultimately leading to the delivery of superior patient care based on the best available evidence. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of these novel training methods in improving outcome-based evidence and the practice of evidence-based neurology among clinical neurology trainees.Keywords: evidence-based medicine; evidence-based neurology; outcome-based education; neurology education; neurology trainingGraphical Abstract