not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), which is one of the respiratory complications of cystic fibrosis, is a hypersensitivity reaction in the lung against the antigens of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus ( A.fumigatus). If left untreated, it may cause irreversible deteriorations in lung functions. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of ABPA, according to years and to determine the risk factors leading to the development of ABPA by using the CF Registry System of Turkey data. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Using the CF Registry System of Turkey data, the incidence of ABPA was determined and the data of 44 patients newly diagnosed with ABPA in 2022 and 132 patients with similar mutation weight and age range without ABPA diagnosis in that year were compared, and the risk factors affecting the development of ABPA were determined. Results: Low pulmonary function test values, having had at least one pulmonary exacerbation in that year and receiving intravenous antibiotic treatment, using inhaled antibiotics, having a high number of pulmonary exacerbations, having Pseudomonas aeroginosa (P.aeroginosa) colonization, having a low body mass index (BMI) and having cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus (CFRD) were found to be among the risk factors for the development of ABPA. Conclusions: Early recognition and treatment of ABPA is essential to prevent further damage to the lungs. Patients with frequent pulmonary exacerbations, low BMI and low pulmonary function test values, chronic colonization should definitely be considered for ABPA.

Introduction: The current literature lacks a comprehensive investigation into the use of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in the treatment of childhood atelectasis. Methods: In this retrospective study, the data of pediatric patients who were diagnosed with atelectasis and underwent FB for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in our center from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022 were retracted from medical records. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of FB in diagnosing and treating atelectasis in children, identifying the appropriate patient population and the optimal timing for intervention. Results: A total of 108 children, with a median age of 4.9 years (14 days-18 years), underwent FB. At the time atelectasis was detected, at least one underlying disease was present in 62% of the patients. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic FB findings, 86.1% of the patients received a new diagnosis, and 83.3% of the patients were prescribed additional new treatments. At the last outpatient visit, complete resolution of the atelectasis was observed in 40.8% of patients, while 31.4% showed no resolution. The duration from the diagnosis of atelectasis to FB was shorter in patients with partial or complete resolution. Patients without additional radiological abnormalities or scoliosis had higher resolution rates, while those with congenital cardiac diseases, immunodeficiency, or primary ciliary dyskinesia had lower rates. Conclusion: Children with atelectasis who do not respond to conventional treatments within three weeks may undergo FB. Delayed FB contributes to failure in resolving atelectasis, prolonged recovery times, and increased recurrence rates, particularly in patients with underlying diseases.