Liparis maguanensis, a new orchid species from Yunnan province of China, is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular analysis. Morphologically, this new species is similar to L. viridiflora, but it can be distinguished from the latter by having one leaf, a loosely flowered, 11-30 cm inflorescence, and a 1-5 cm × 0.5-1.2 cm obovate-elliptic pseudobulb. Phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS and plastid matK DNA sequences data further supported that Liparis maguanensis is a distinct species.