Background: Prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL) is the standard surgical treatment for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) in horses. However, postoperative complications may compromise outcomes, and the influence of breed and anaesthetic approach remains unclear. Objectives: To identify predictors of surgical success at 3 months following PL, with a focus on postoperative complications, anaesthesia type, and breed, with special interest in Iberian baroque breeds (Andalusian and Lusitano). Study design: Multicenter retrospective cohort study. Methods: Medical records from 181 horses treated at seven equine hospitals were reviewed. Variables including breed, anaesthesia type, surgical method, and postoperative complications were analysed using chi-square tests and binary logistic regression. Results: Surgical success was achieved in 79.11% of cases. Postoperative complications occurred in 33.7% of horses and were significantly associated with treatment failure. Two independent predictors of poor outcome were identified: major loss of arytenoid abduction (OR = 0.000567; p < 0.001) and surgical site infection (SSI) (OR = 0.007; p < 0.001). Breed type and anaesthetic modality were not significantly associated with outcome. The final model demonstrated excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.978; accuracy = 96.7%). Main limitations: Multicenter retrospective study that may be affected by selection bias and variability in practices. Conclusions: Loss of arytenoid abduction and SSI are critical determinants of poor outcome following PL. These findings underscore the importance of meticulous surgical technique and strict infection control. Breed and anaesthetic approach did not influence outcome. Identification of key risk factors supports improved surgical planning, targeted prevention, and clearer prognostic communication.

Sialolithiasis is an uncommon condition of the salivary gland in the horse, primarily affecting the parotid salivary duct. Clinical signs may include salivary stasis within the gland and potential progression to sialadenitis, facial draining tract, or a permanent fistula. A 19-year-old Warmblood gelding was referred with severe septic sialadenitis of the right parotid gland. A 4 cm sialolith was detected radiographically and removed surgically. Although surgery was uneventful and patency of the salivary duct was assessed intra-operatively, mild accumulation of saliva within the gland was noted one day later. A stenosis caudal to where the sialolith was lodged was diagnosed through contrast radiography. Balloon dilatation of the stenosis was attempted unsatisfactorily and a polyethylene catheter was placed and sutured to the oral mucosa to maintain the parotid empty. A week later, the oral portion of the catheter was chewed by the horse, preventing catheter removal without surgery. Subsequently, ultrasonographic and radiographic re-evaluations were performed routinely to assess the patency of the catheter or complications associated with long-term placement. After 1 year, no salivary stasis in the gland or complications were observed. This is the first description of successful long-term indwelling catheter placement to resolve stenosis of the salivary duct. This procedure offers a simple, economical, and safe option compared to more complicated or invasive techniques previously described in horses, with excellent functional and cosmetic results.