Objective: To construct a training needs scale for general practitioners, conduct empirical research, provide an effective tool for clarifying the training needs of general practitioners, and lay a foundation for further scientifically constructing a training system for general practitioners. It also aims to provide a reference for developing countries and underdeveloped regions in cultivating general practitioners. Methods: Through literature review and interviews with key informants, the ”Grassroots General Practitioner Training Needs Scale” was designed based on the post competency of general practitioners. A questionnaire survey was conducted in China’s primary healthcare institutions using convenience sampling from May to August 2022. The reliability and validity of the scale were verified through reliability and validity tests, and further quantitative analysis was conducted to verify the practical significance of the scale. Results: A total of 2616 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery efficiency of 99.47%. The scale consists of 4 dimensions and 33 items. The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient of the scale is 0.989, and the split-half reliability is 0.978. The content validity analysis results showed that there were significant internal correlations between the various dimensions of the scale (P<0.05); the AVE values of the convergent validity test were all greater than 0.36, and the CR values were all greater than 0.7. In the analysis of structural validity, the results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of each factor were all above 0.40, and the cumulative factor contribution rate reached 84.306%. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all fitting indicators of the scale met the standards. The empirical study showed that general practitioners’ needs for training in various dimensions reached the required level, and the training needs of general practitioners in different positions were different. Conclusion: The scale has good reliability and validity, as well as practical significance. It can be applied to clarifying the training needs of grassroots general practitioners and providing a basis for conducting scientific training. Grassroots general practitioners have differentiated and personalized characteristics in their training needs, so the implementation of training should be based on demand to enhance the pertinence of training. Ultimately, the goal is to comprehensively enhance the post competency of grassroots general practitioners.