One of the most prevalent diseases in the world is malaria. The aim of this work is to investigate Caputo fractional order models with temperature variability in order to analyze the age-related aspects of malaria in a human host. The model is well-posed, both from an epidemiological and mathematical perspective. The model indicates that the rate of mosquito contact and the probability of disease transmission are significant factors in the disease’s spread. The steady states and stability of the model are examined. Using the next-generation approach, the basic reproduction number is obtained. It is demonstrated that, whenever the basic reproduction number is greater than unity, there is a distinct endemic equilibrium that is both locally and globally asymptotically stable under the requirements for the stability of the equilibrium points. The study investigated how temperature variability and fractional order together influence malaria dynamics. We nevertheless revealed the uniqueness of the endemic equilibrium point. The Adams-Bashforth-Moulton numerical technique and simulations of Caputo fractional order with and without temperature variability were performed using MATLAB. According to the model, efforts should be undertaken to reduce mosquito populations and contact rates through the use of chemical or biological treatments, along with any other tactic that lowers the incidence of malaria infection.