Bupleurum Chinense polysaccharides (BCP) have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-aging activities. This study explored the effect and pharmacological mechanisms of BCP in renal aging in a mouse model of D-galactose (D-gal)-induced renal aging and a cellular model. The effect of BCP on D-gal-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HK-2 cells was investigated. The impact of BCP treatment on the D-gal-stimulated cytokine production in HK-2 cells was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of BCP treatment on behaviors, body weights, kidney weights and renal index and the relative levels of SIRT1, Atg5, Atg7, LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ, SIRT6, p53, p-p53, p21 and p-p21 proteins were tested. BCP was found to inhibit ROS production induced by D-gal in HK-2 cells. The results indicated that BCP attenuated the D-gal-increased IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production in HK-2 cells, accompanied by preserving SIRT6, Atg5 and Atg7 expression. BCP treatment mitigated the D-gal-induced renal aging by improving body weights, kidney index and preserving SIRT1 and SIRT6 expression and decreasing p53 and p21 phosphorylation to enhance autophagy in the kidney of mice. Collectively, these data revealed that BCP treatment ameliorated the D-gal-induced renal aging in mice by preserving SIRT1 expression and autophagy. These findings may provide new insights into the pharmacological action of BCP in inhibiting renal aging.