This study aims to investigate the structure and diversity of the intestinal microbiome of Gryllus bimaculatus from wild and farmed environment. Additionally, we sought to identify the core microbes and the adaptability to the farm conditions in the gut of G. bimaculatus. We analyzed the microbial community diversity in intestinal samples of both wild and farmed G. bimaculatus using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA amplicons. Using the PICRUSt2 software, we predicted the functional capabilities of bacterial communities. The analysis indicated significant differences in the diversity of the microbial communities (including bacteria and fungi) within the gut of crickets under farmed and wild conditions, with notably higher microbial diversity observed in the gut of farmed crickets compared to those in the wild. While, the community structure of gut bacteria between the two conditions shows a high degree of similarity, suggesting that the diversity differences are primarily driven by species of low abundance. The functional prediction analysis identified a significant increase of pathways about Terpenoids and polyketides metabolism, and bacterial infectious disease in the farmed group; as well as a significant decrease in pathways about Environmental adaptation, Development and regeneration, and the Nervous system, compared to the wild group. The high population density and excessive feeding, in the farmed condition, create a more diverse gut microbiota for G. bimaculatus, including potential pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, when breeding G. bimaculatus, the environmental hygiene management should be strengthened to reduce the carrying and transmission of pathogenic bacteria.