Background Dietary diversity is crucial for nutritional adequacy, particularly among women of reproductive age who experience increased nutritional needs due to menstruation, pregnancy, and lactation. The significance of dietary diversity becomes particularly pronounced in addressing the prevalent issue of anemia in Rwanda. This anemia may pose significant health risks for both mothers and children and by promoting a diverse and balanced diet, we can take a crucial step in mitigating the adverse effects associated with this condition. Objective This study aims to assess Dietary Diversity, Nutritional Status, and related Factors Affecting Rwandan Women engaged in Agriculture. Methods A cross-sectional study in western Rwanda’s high malnutrition districts, Nyamagabe, Karongi, and Nyabihu, used a multi-stage sampling method. Three farming-based clusters emerged: tea, subsistence, and Irish potatoes. Households with children under five were systematically sampled, with sample size calculated using Taro Yamane’s formula, and data was analyzed in SPSS v25. Results The study included 439 respondents, with an average age of 33.05 years. 359(81.8%) participants had low dietary diversity whereas Nyamagabe had the highest proportion with 39%. 22.1% of participants had mild or moderate anemia with the cutoff below 11.9 g/dl where Karongi had the high proportion with 10.7%, Anemia prevalence was 22.1%, with Karongi having the highest at 10.7%. Head of household Education (AOR=6.4,95%, CI:1.05-39.7), Age of women (AOR=3.03,95%, CI:1.1-7.8), and wealth status (AOR=1.66,95%, CI:0.51-5.4) were associated with higher odds of High dietary diversity. The occupation of women (AOR=0.13,95%, CI:0.001-0.19), reading skills (AOR=0.27,95%, CI:0.1-0.72). and family size (AOR=0.63,95%, CI:0.35-1.1) were, however, associated with lower odds of lower dietary diversity. Conclusion This study of 439 participants revealed significant findings regarding dietary diversity, anemia prevalence, and socio-demographic factors, emphasizing their crucial role in understanding and addressing nutritional status among women in Rwanda.

Background Estimating malnutrition risk among hospitalized patients is challenging, yet critical due to its association with adverse outcomes such as prolonged hospital stays, increased mortality, impaired wound healing, depression, and increased hospital costs. This research study aims to evaluate the risk of malnutrition among type 2 diabetic hospitalized patients and its impact on the patient’s length of stay in two tertiary hospitals based in Kigali. Method In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 300 adult hospitalized type 2 diabetic patients from Kigali’s tertiary hospital and King Faisal Hospital were enrolled between January 2021 and October 2022. Data collected includes demographics, anthropometrics, serum albumin, and length of hospital stay. The Nutrition Risk Index was used to determine malnutrition risk. Results 55.3% of hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients were found to be at risk of malnutrition based on the Nutrition Risk Index. Gender distribution showed no significant difference (p = 0.724), with 56.6% females and 54.5% males at risk. Significant associations were found with age (r=0.018, p= 0.017), hypertension as comorbidity (r=-0.169, p = 0.004), hospital stay duration (r=0.139, p= 0.016), and blood glucose levels (r=-0.087, p = 0.001). Conclusion A study finds high malnutrition risk in hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients, linked to longer stays and poor outcomes. Early malnutrition screening, proper nutrition support, and a multidisciplinary care team are crucial for improved clinical care and cost-effectiveness.