Marie Oesten

and 10 more

Monitoring the propagation of mechanical cardiac signals throughout the body is crucial for assessing cardiovascular health. A common drawback of current gold standard methods for vital sign monitoring is the necessity for continuous skin contact. Radar-based sensing offers a promising alternative by enabling contactless measurement of cardiac activity, including heart sound signals. As previous research has primarily focused on deriving signals from proximal body regions, insights into heart sound propagation to peripheral areas are lacking. To address this, we systematically investigated whether radar-based heart sound detection and propagation measurement is feasible across the whole body. Using a custom-built continuous-wave radar system and phonocardiogram as reference, we simultaneously recorded heart sounds in N=22 participants sequentially at eleven locations. The electrocardiogram served as reference for electrical heart activity. After synchronization and preprocessing, we manually segmented the heart sounds and extracted temporal characteristics from ensemble-averaged signals. Our findings show that heart sounds can be detected across the entire body with the radar-based as well as the gold standard system. Furthermore, the heart sounds' temporal characteristics vary between measurement locations. As the distance to the heart increases, we observed significantly increased propagation time intervals. This finding is consistent across both systems, exhibiting a high agreement with a Pearson Correlation Coefficient of .71 for the first and .68 for the second heart sound. In conclusion, our work is the first to demonstrate that radar-based systems are feasible for contactless detection of heart sounds and evaluating their propagation, offering new possibilities for research and health monitoring.