The global capacity to meet the increasing demand for food and environmental services faces significant threats from land degradation. This study aims to gauge farmers' perceptions of land degradation and management practices. Utilizing a combination of primary and secondary sources, the research gathers precise information crucial for achieving its objectives. Employing descriptive research methodology allows for an in-depth exploration of the issue, capturing its nature and status comprehensively. The study employs both purposive sampling, a non-probability technique, and simple random sampling, a probability method, to select its samples. Data analysis, conducted using descriptive and inferential statistical methods with SPSS V20, reveals insights. The results, particularly from the chi-square test, demonstrate a positive correlation between awareness of land degradation causes and different age groups. Interestingly, farmers who accurately document their figures exhibit greater knowledge of land management techniques compared to those with limited literacy, indicating a significant association.

Background The war in Tigray has caused significant damage to the region’s healthcare facilities. This study aimed to assess the extent of the war’s impact on healthcare facilities in the Eastern Tigray Zone. Methods A mixed research strategy was used, with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observations, while secondary data were obtained from published and unpublished documents. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using a linear regression model to determine the statistical significance of the findings. Results The study found that the impact of the war on healthcare facilities was high to very high, with 97.9 percent of the damage attributed to the war. Of the 177 healthcare facilities in the Eastern Tigray Zone, 29 (16.4 percent) were severely affected, and 118 (66.66 percent) were totally damaged. This indicates that 83 percent of the health system in the region was damaged. The linear regression model showed that the war explained 55.8 percent of the observed health facility damage. Conclusions The damage to health facilities in the Eastern Tigray Zone has led to the complete collapse of the health system at the zone level. The urgent need for reconstruction and restoration of health facilities is highlighted to provide essential health services to the affected population. The government and concerned individuals must take immediate action to address this critical situation and help mitigate the negative impact of the war on the health of the people in Tigray.