The State Self-Esteem Scale has not been studied in Spanish population yet. The first objective was to test the factor structure and internal consistency of the State Self-Esteem Scale (long and short versions, SSES-20 and SSES-6) in a Spanish-speaking sample. The second objective was to assess the convergent and discriminant validity by examining its relationships with variables such as trait self-esteem, social desirability, depression, and anxiety. The whole sample was composed of 713 Spaniards (79.4% female; Mage = 24.75 years). Results suggest that the bifactor model with a general factor and three subdimensions better fit the data in the SSES-20. For the SSES-6 version, the hierarchical model with three correlated first-order factors and a common superior factor was found to be the best fit for the data. All dimensions showed moderate to excellent reliability. All factors were positively associated with trait self-esteem and social desirability, and inversely associated with depression and state anxiety. Lastly, performance, appearance, and social state self-esteem dimensions from the SSES-20 positively predicted depression and state anxiety using linear regression models. Both the Spanish SSES-20 and SSES-6 showed adequate psychometric properties within this sample, suggesting potential generalizability to different Spanish samples.