The purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, are capable of growing under a variety of environmental conditions. R. sphaeroides wastewater treatment has received considerable attention, since it can simultaneously realize wastewater purification and biomass recycling. In addition, poly-β-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB), a biopolymer that can be used as a biodegradable thermoplastic material for waste management strategies, and other polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are accumulated by many bacteria as energy and carbon reserve material. In this study, the used culture media of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were reutilized to grow R. sphaeroides to produce PHB and reduce carbon dioxide. Moreover when using used media, photopigments, such as bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid, was also synthesized. Finally, the co-fermentation of R. sphaeroides and S. cerevisiae showed the potential of enhancing ethanol production with higher yield than the single use of S. cerevisiae. Therefore, this approach provides a low-cost and eco-friendly process that uses waste media to fix carbon dioxide, and produce high-value biomaterials.