The journey of women in medicine has not been easy over time. It was a common perception that their chastity would deteriorate if they would enter medical schools and start their profession. Since ancient times, very important civilizations, were established on the territory of what is now known as the Republic of Turkey, and it is known that these civilizations had female doctors. The first six female doctors, who were accepted by the medical faculty and graduated in 1928, were an important achievement of the Republic. The first female doctor in otolaryngology in Turkey was Dr Hatice Bodur, and the first female academician was Prof. Dr Nermin Başerer. The number of women otolaryngologists and academicians increased over the years. However, their representation in universities, academe, and professional associations is still not high; the “male-dominated” model continues to exist in decision-making positions.