This study aims to investigated whether positive affect and negative affect mediated the link between emotional intelligence and aggressive behaviors. A total of 410 primary school students from ShenZhen, China (54.6% male; Mage = 10.35, SD = 0.48, range from 10 to 11 years) completed questionnaires regarding emotional intelligence, aggressive behavior, positive affect, and negative affect. The results show that (a) emotional intelligence was negatively associated with children’s aggressive behavior; (b) negative affect partially mediated the link between emotional intelligence and aggressive behaviors in children, and (c) positive affect and negative affect sequentially mediated the above link. These discoveries may contribute to intervention and prevention programs for children’s aggressive behavior.