ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Little is known on how relocations of time spent in different movement behaviours during pre-school hours could relate to preschooler’s fundamental movement skills (FMS), a key predictor of later physical activity (PA). Thus, the aim of this study was to examine whether the school-time composition was associated with FMS; and to investigate predicted differences in FMS when a fixed duration of time was reallocated from one activity behaviour to another in preschool children. METHODS: A cross-sectional representative data of an intervention study with Brazilian low-income preschoolers. Two hundred and four preschoolers of both sexes (4.5±0.8 years-old; 101boys) provided 10 hours of school-time objectively assessed PA and sedentary behaviour (SB) data (Actigraph wGT3X), and FMS assessments (TGMD-2). Association of school-time composition of movement behaviuors with FMS and its reallocations during school-time was explored using compositional analysis in R (version 1.40-1), robCompositions (version 0.92-7), and lmtest (version 0.9-35) packages. RESULTS: The isotemporal reallocation showed that for manipulative skills, an increasing pattern was observed (0.14, 0.28, and 0.42-units) when reallocating 5, 10 and 15 minutes, respectively, from light PA to SB. CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlights that school-time composition is a significant predictor of FMS. Moreover, a modest increase in SB, at the expense of LPA, during the school-time may elicit a positive change in manipulative skills.

Abstract Background: Epidemiologic studies have reported that dietary acid load is associated with psychological disorders through different pathways. We aimed to examine the association of dietary acid-base load with Psychological Disorders, Sleep and circadian rhythm. Methods: This study was performed on 404 female subjects ≥18 years old. We evaluated potential renal acid load (PRAL), net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score by a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Iran of with 147 items. To assess psychological disorders, an Iranian validated version of depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) was used. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and morning-evening questionnaire (MEQ) were applied to evaluate sleep quality and circadian rhythm status respectively. Results: Considering a wide range of confounding variables, compared with the low adherence, a significant positive association was observed between dietary acid-base load and severe depression (OR PRAL =1.10, 95%CI=1.01-1.19, P=0.02) and (OR NEAP =2.46, 95%CI=1.41-14.61, P=0.02). Women in the high dietary acid base load category had higher anxiety (ORPRAL=1.12,95%CI=1.02-1.23, P=0.01) and (ORNEAP=1.80,95%CI=1.12-10.72, P=0.01). There was a strong positive relationship between dietary acid-base load and sleep disturbance (P<0.05). Additionally, circadian rhythm assessment showed that those with greater commitment to PRAL had 23% higher risk of being completely E-type, while odds of being completely M-type, was decreased by 15% and 12% across higher adherence to PRAL and NEAP. Conclusion: Women with higher dietary acid-base load score had greater odds for depression, anxiety, psychological distress, sleep disturbance and circadian rhythm compared to lower ones.