Dynamic updating technique for initial structure in pixel antenna design and optimization is proposed. The conventional approach to pixel antenna design employs a fixed initial pixel structure set at the start of the entire process, while rarely study the setting the initial structure, therefore the performance potential is not fully exploited. The proposed approach adaptively updates the initial structure to enhance the performance of the pixel antenna design, aiming to find the optimal initial pixel structure that achieves miniaturization and broadband capabilities. In general, the design procedure starts with an initial structure with relatively big element size and small overall size, then gradually reduces the element size and expands the overall size of the pixel area. A two-port pixel antenna is used as a design example to validate the proposed updating technique. The goal was to design a dual-port pixel antenna operating in the band of 2.4 GHz to 3.2 GHz, using miniaturized size. After two rounds of updates, the obtained −10 dB impedance bandwidths increased from 0.44 GHz (2.47 GHz-2.91GHz) to 0.75 GHz (2.45 GHz-3.20 GHz) and to 1.07 GHz (2.35 GHz-3.42 GHz), while had isolation better than −15dB. The statistical results of 10 optimization runs for 3 initial structures also showed the performance enhancement of each updated initial structure. The proposed updated technology can be applied to other types of pixel antenna designs, with different design specifications.

A novel multi-conductor electromagnetic coupling model for the sensitive-wire subject to driven wire in a high-precision machining workbench is proposed in this paper. The general coupling model for an N-wire system is derived and is used to evaluate the wire coupling effect. Furthermore, 4-wire and 3-wire models are demonstrated to verify the accuracy through full-wave electromagnetic simulation below 10 MHz. The results show that the error between the proposed method and the full-wave electromagnetic simulation is less than 10%, demonstrating the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method. When the parameters of the driven power wire and the most sensitive wire are fixed and the parameters of neighboring wires are swept, the maximum fluctuation of the induced current on the most sensitive wire is 6.1 dB. The efficient calculation method proposed in this work helps reduce the risk of electromagnetic interference in complex electronic systems and improves the design efficiency of wires. It is promising to become a high-performance method with high efficiency and precision.