In lakes, analyses of community structure and relationships of macroinvertebrates with environmental factors are often used to judge the status of watershed ecosystems and for scientific ecological management. However, this method has been less applied to lakes in arid regions. Here, a seasonal ecological survey was conducted in Lake Taitema (including the Tarim River, the Chelchen River, Lake Taitema, and Lake Kanlak) during 2021-2022 to explore the spatial and temporal patterns of macroinvertebrates communities in the basin and their relationships with environmental factors. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the subsequent ecological health management of Lake Taitema and relevant content for the study of macroinvertebrates communities in arid lakes. This survey, 552 macroinvertebrates were collected and identified, belonging to 17 species of 13 families in 2 phyla, 3 orders, and 6 classes. The community composition, diversity, and dominant species changed seasonally, but no apparent spatial distribution differences between rivers and lakes existed. The correlation between environmental factors and the macroinvertebrates community showed different effects each season. DCA analysis revealed that the main environmental impact factors in winter were chloride ions (Cl-); in spring, were Cr and salinity (SAL); in summer, was pH. The main dominant species were more dominant to the overall community in Lake Taitema.