AbstractHuman activities alter connectivity via resource flows, ecosystem (patch) size, and disturbance regimes. While resource flows can interact with ecosystem size to affect ecosystem function, we lack evidence on whether and how these two variables further interact with disturbance. Here, we conducted a highly replicated microcosm experiment with two-patch autotrophic-heterotrophic meta-ecosystems, manipulating resource flows (connected/unconnected), patch size, and disturbance (fixed magnitude or relative to patch size) to study their effects on biomass density across patches as a meta-ecosystem function. Our results showed an interaction between resource flows, patch size, and disturbance. In intermediate-small patches only, resource flows increased meta-ecosystem function when the disturbance was fixed, while they had no effect when the disturbance was relative to patch size. Our results suggest that to understand the interactive effects of ecosystem size and resource flows on ecosystem function, we might have to consider how disturbance covaries with ecosystem size.