Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction (ECR) has become more attractive to realize CO2 convert to high value products with renewable electricity. In this review, recent progress in the synthesis and electrochemical application of chalcogenide-derived Cu (including OD-Cu, SD-Cu and SeD-Cu) materials for CO2 electroreduction reaction have been summarized. The kind of ECR products is highly related with the CO2 adsorption pattern and reduction process on catalyst surface. In addition, the structure-activity relationship between crystal structure/morphology/composition of chalcogenide-derived Cu and their ECR activity/selectivity/products have also been discussed. Finally, some prospects on the challenge and future research trends in rational design of high efficient OD-Cu, SD-Cu and SeD-Cu electrodes are provided.