The reproductive organs of rose-ringed parakeet (n= 6) were studied in detail in this research work during breeding (December to April) and non-breeding (May to November) seasons. After slaughtering, organs of the reproductive system were collected for anatomical and histological study. The right ovary and oviduct were absent, the left ovary and oviduct were collected to record weight and dimensions (width, length, diameter, and volume). The results showed a higher weight (1.08±0.116 g) of the left ovary during the breeding and a decreased (0.069±0.015 g) in the non-breeding season (P< 0.05). The length of the left ovary during the breeding and non-breeding season was recorded as (6.59±0.20 mm) and (5.75±0.12 mm). The width of the left ovary during the breeding season and in non-breeding was recorded as (5.86±0.09 mm) and (3.76±0.18 mm). The results showed maximum volume (0.05±0.003 cm3) during the breeding season and a decrease in volume (0.03±0.003 cm3) in the non-breeding season in the left ovary. A higher weight (1.21±0.13 g) of the left oviduct during the breeding and a decreased (0.08±0.016 g) in the non-breeding season was observed. The length of the oviduct during the breeding season was (33.21±0.14 mm) and during non-breeding season as (30.23±0.29 mm). The width of oviduct during breeding season was recorded as (1.12±0.01 mm) and during in non-breeding season as (0.83±0.03 mm), respectively. Thus, the ovary and oviduct have higher weights and dimensions during the breeding season that correspond to breeding activity.  

The present project was designed to study and compare different parameters of the forelimb and hind limb bones in juvenile, adult male and female rose-ringed parakeet in breeding and non-breeding seasons. For morphometric measurement, the forelimb and hind limb bones of juvenile and adult parrots (male = 9, female= 9) were collected in breeding and non-breeding seasons after autopsy. - The data was computed with Microsoft excel® and statistically analyzed using Minitab software. The groups were compared using Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. - The results showed the measurements of breeding season female bones were slightly larger in size than the bones of non-breeding season female and juvenile female. Moreover, breeding season male showed slightly larger values than the bones of non-breeding-season male and juvenile groups. Hence, the current study provided novel information about the comparative morpho-functional features and detailed description along with illustration of forelimb and hind limb bones of a juvenile, adult male, and a female rose-ringed parakeets in breeding and non-breeding seasons.

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of gestational maternal under-nutrition on morphometric dynamics in rabbit fetuses. Adult pregnant healthy female rabbits (n= 40) were divided into under-nourished (UNG) and well-nourished (WNG) groups. Pregnant animals, from every group (n= 5), were sacrificed, at weekly time intervals (second week, third week, fourth week, and parturition). The least fetal weight was found in UNG fetuses at 2nd week (6.76±0.86 g) of pregnancy and highest in WNG fetuses at birth (43.16±0.77 g). The minimum (0.05±0.007 g) and maximum (0.42±0.007 g) mean fetal heart weights were found in UNG fetuses at 2nd week and WNG fetuses at birth, respectively. The lowest fetal heart length (1719.3±181.39 um) and width (864.6±151.23 um) were found in UNG fetuses at 2nd week of pregnancy and the highest (8241.4±107.31 um, 6510.7±83.47 um) in WNG fetuses at birth, respectively. The lowest thoraco-abdominal length was recorded in UNG fetuses at 2nd week of pregnancy (2.26±0.07 cm) and highest in WNG fetuses at birth (5.41±0.08 cm). The lowest biparietal diameter was recorded in UNG fetuses at 2nd week of development (0.53±0.01 cm) and highest in WNG fetuses at birth (1.89±0.01 cm). The lowest mean value of crown rump length was observed in UNG fetuses at 2nd week of development (4.41±0.17 cm), and highest in WNG fetuses at birth (9.73±0.15 cm). In conclusion, maternal undernutrition and developmental age significantly affected the morphometric parameters. Maternal undernutrition had an adverse effect while developmental age increased the morphometric values.