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Follow-up and comparative assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgA, IgG, neutralizing, and total antibody responses after BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 heterologous booster vaccination
  • +11
  • Salma Younes,
  • Eleonora Nicolai,
  • Massimo Pieri,
  • Sergio Bernardini,
  • Duaa Al-Sadeq,
  • Nadin Younes,
  • Farah Shurrab,
  • Parveen Nizamuddin,
  • Fathima Humaira,
  • Nader Al-Dewik,
  • Hadi Yassine,
  • Laith Abu-Raddad,
  • Ahmed Ismail,
  • Gheyath Nasrallah
Salma Younes
Qatar University College of Health Sciences
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Eleonora Nicolai
University of Rome Tor Vergata
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Massimo Pieri
University of Rome Tor Vergata
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Sergio Bernardini
University of Rome Tor Vergata
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Duaa Al-Sadeq
Qatar University College of Medicine
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Nadin Younes
Qatar University College of Health Sciences
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Farah Shurrab
Qatar University College of Health Sciences
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Parveen Nizamuddin
Biomedical Research Center in Network of Epidemiology and Public Health
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Fathima Humaira
Biomedical research center, qatar university, Doha, Qatar
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Nader Al-Dewik
Department of Pediatrics, Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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Hadi Yassine
Qatar University
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Laith Abu-Raddad
Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar
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Ahmed Ismail
Laboratory Section, Medical Commission Department
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Gheyath Nasrallah
Qatar University College of Health Sciences

Corresponding Author:gheyath.nasrallah@qu.edu.qa

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Abstract

Background: Priming with ChAdOx1 followed by heterologous boosting have been considered in several countries. Nevertheless, analyses that provide a comparison of the immunogenicity of heterologous booster in comparison to homologous primary vaccination regimens and natural infection are lacking. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comparative assessment of the immunogenicity between heterologous prime-boost vaccination using BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 and homologous primary vaccination regimens. Methods: We matched vaccinated naïve individuals (VN; n=673) who had received partial vaccination (n=64), primary vaccination (n=590), or primary series plus one mRNA vaccine heterologous booster (n=19) with individuals with a documented primary SARS-CoV-2 infection and no vaccination record (natural infection; NI cohort; n=206). We measured the levels of neutralizing total antibodies (NTAbs), total antibodies (TAbs), anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA titers. Results: Homologous primary vaccination with ChAdOx1 not only showed less potent NTAb, TAb, anti-S-RBD IgG, and anti-S1 IgA immune responses compared to primary-BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccination regimens (P<0.05), but also showed ~3 fold less anti-S1 IgA response compared to infection-induced immunity (P<0.001). Nevertheless, heterologous booster dose resulted in a significant boost of at least ~12 folds in the immune response. Furthermore, correlation analyses revealed that both, anti-S-RBD IgG and anti-S1 IgA significantly contributed to virus neutralization among NI individuals, particularly in symptomatic and pauci-symptomatic individuals, whereas, among VN individuals, anti-S-RBD IgG was the main contributor to virus neutralization (r > 0.90, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results emphasize the potential benefit of using heterologous mRNA boosters to increase antibody levels and neutralizing capacity.
19 Mar 2023Submitted to Influenza and other respiratory viruses
05 Apr 2023Submission Checks Completed
05 Apr 2023Assigned to Editor
05 Apr 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
07 Nov 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
16 Nov 2023Editorial Decision: Revise Major
12 Mar 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned