According to the dynamic, complex, and opening characteristics of land ecosystems, we constructed an evaluation indicator system for early-warning of land ecosystem health (LEH) based on a perspective of state–danger–response. Then, we analyzed the warning condition of LEH in the Poyang lake eco-economic zone in China over the past decade using the variable weight matter-element model. The LEH status in the study region improved obviously from 2010 to 2020. The warning condition of regional LEH in 2010, 2015, and 2020 was in the “warning”, “relatively healthy”, and “healthy” stages, respectively. The evolution of LEH was better demonstrated by the variable weight matter-element model than by the traditional method because the former could modify the weight of early-warning indicators and eliminate the incompatibility between indicators. Our study provides an alternative approach for research into ecosystem health, and the results will be useful for improving LEH in the study region.