Introduction: Despite a reported understanding of basic radiation physics principles, students face barriers that hinder effective translation of this knowledge into clinical practice, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes.The objectives of this cross-sectional descriptive research are to assess the level of radiation physics knowledge among clinical radiography students, evaluate their ability to apply this knowledge in clinical settings, identify barriers hindering successful application, and provide recommendations for improved integration. Material and method: The study was conducted among clinical students (4 th year and 5 th year) of the department of radiography and radiological sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu campus, Enugu state. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study which enables to collect data at a specific point in time. The study population comprised of students who are currently in 4 th and 5 th year in the department of medical radiography and radiological sciences. The population has a total number of 500 students. All clinical radiography students who are willing to participate in this research were included in this research Results: Among 220 participants from the University of Nigeria’s Department of Radiography and Radiological Sciences, 81.4% expressed thorough teaching of radiation physics during pre-clinical training, while 68.3% reported an excellent understanding. However, 64.3% cited disinterest due to perceived complexity, 42.0% noted a gap between theoretical teaching and practical application, and 84.6% mentioned a lack of fear of radiation’s biological effects. Suggestions for improvement included a dedicated curriculum (90.0%), increased teaching duration (69.7%), expert involvement (95.10%), hands-on training (95.5%), interactive learning methods (93.2%), and collaborative training approaches (95.0%). Conclusion: This research underscores the importance of refining radiation physics education to bridge theory and practice effectively.

The World Health Organization's definition of oral health frames the discussion, highlighting its holistic nature encompassing physiological, psychosocial, and functional dimensions. The current estimates of oral diseases in Tanzania and around the world underscore the urgency of intervention, particularly in light of rising sugar consumption trends. The unique challenges facing Tanzania, including inadequate knowledge, limited infrastructure, and disparities in oral healthcare access, are analyzed within the broader context of sub-Saharan Africa's health priorities. This perspective addresses the multifaceted challenges of oral health neglect in Tanzania, emphasizing the imperative for a comprehensive and integrated approach. The commentary offers a detailed exploration of determinants contributing to oral health neglect, spanning socioeconomic, behavioral, and commercial factors, with a focus on their implications for Tanzanian communities. Recommendations are presented as a strategic roadmap, encompassing public health education, integrated healthcare services, government intervention, educational programs, community engagement, financial accessibility, and research initiatives. By synthesizing these recommendations into a cohesive framework, a proactive and collaborative approach to mitigate the consequences of oral health neglect in Tanzania, emphasizing the need for transformative policies 3and cultural sensitivity are therefore envisioned.

Timely diagnosis of PID is crucial for effective management, and leveraging ultrasound can enhance this process. Acute PID presents diagnostic challenges due to its variable symptoms, which can be subtle or nonspecific, and may even be asymptomatic. These factors often lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment, contributing to inflammatory complications in the upper genital tract. While laparoscopy offers a more precise diagnosis, its limited availability and inability to detect all forms of PID make it less practical for timely management. However, Transvaginal sonography (TVS) can be a valuable tool in this regard, offering a non-invasive and accessible method for evaluating pelvic inflammatory changes. By utilizing ultrasound alongside clinical assessment, healthcare providers can improve the timeliness of PID diagnosis, leading to more effective management and reduced risk of complications.

Climate change, a defining challenge of the 21st century, silently threatens global health. This study delves into this often-overlooked “silent pandemic,” exploring its far-reaching impacts on human health and advocating for urgent action.Ignoring the interconnectedness between climate and health has grave consequences. The research exposes the uneven distribution of health burdens, highlighting how vulnerable populations bear the brunt of heat stress, infectious diseases, food insecurity, and mental health challenges. Climate change acts as a cruel amplifier of existing health inequities, widening the gap between the fortunate and the forgotten.The conclusion paints a stark picture, demanding immediate action. Aggressive climate mitigation strategies are paramount, alongside investments in building resilience for vulnerable communities. Tackling the social determinants of health and integrating climate considerations into public health policies are crucial steps towards a more just and resilient society. Finally, raising public awareness and galvanizing collective action are essential to hold leaders accountable and build a future where climate change no longer dictates our health. This study serves as a clarion call, urging a shift from acknowledging the threat to actively confronting it. By recognizing the silent pandemic and taking decisive action, we can safeguard the health and well-being of generations to come .

Mounting evidence reveals a captivating connection between oral health and cardiovascular health, prompting a surge in scientific curiosity and potential solutions for reducing global cardiovascular disease burden. This paper delves into this intricate relationship, highlighting the prevalence of oral diseases and their association with various systemic conditions. Studies exploring the potential link between poor oral hygiene, particularly periodontal disease, and cardiovascular illnesses like heart attack, stroke, and heart failure are examined. While the precise causal mechanisms remain under investigation, potential explanations involving chronic inflammation, shared risk factors, and even genetic susceptibilities are discussed. Despite the lack of definitive proof that treating gum disease directly prevents heart problems, the robust correlation necessitates prioritizing good oral hygiene practices. Regular brushing, flossing, and dental checkups are emphasized as preventive measures against periodontal disease and its potential contribution to cardiovascular risks. Addressing shared risk factors like diabetes and smoking further strengthens the protective shield against both oral and heart health concerns.The paper underscores the importance of public health initiatives promoting oral hygiene awareness, particularly among vulnerable populations facing limited access to dental care. Additionally, the crucial role of ongoing research in elucidating the exact mechanisms linking oral and cardiovascular health is highlighted, paving the way for future development of targeted interventions and personalized prevention strategies. In conclusion, while the mysteries surrounding the precise cause-and-effect relationship between oral and cardiovascular health persist, the compelling evidence presented demands a proactive approach. Prioritizing good oral hygiene, addressing shared risk factors, and advocating for accessible dental care stand as powerful tools in our collective fight against these prevalent health challenges.

Introduction: This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed to assess the compliance of 251 healthcare workers (HCWs) with Infective Prevention and Control (IPC) standard procedures. The study addresses the critical issue of IPC compliance among HCWs, as it plays a pivotal role in reducing the risk of infectious disease transmission within healthcare settings. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at St. Francis Referral Hospital, involving 251 healthcare workers from different departments including Internal medicine, Surgery, and Emergency. The Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale (CSPS) tool developed by WHO was used. Descriptive and regression analysis was done. A P-value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results: Overall average compliance with IPCSPs was 54% whereby only 24.7% (62/251) of healthcare workers had a good compliance. The majority of HCWs (85.3%) reported highest compliance on proper disposal of used sharp items into sharp boxes and low compliance rate (11.6%) was on the disposal of the sharp box, sharp box is only disposed when it is full. Statistical significant were found between IPCSPs and number of years of working experience, level of education, profession, IPC training and IPC meeting attendance. Conclusion: This cross-sectional study has shed light on the critical challenges faced by healthcare workers in complying with IPCSPs. Findings revealed a concerning compliance with IPCSPs which is below the WHO standard and national level standard as well. We therefore recommend enhancement of IPC training program, IPC awareness campaign, and more implementational research for IPCSPs compliance.

Cervical cancer is cancer arising from the cervix and this occurs due to abnormal growth of the cells that can invade and spread to another part of the body(1), at an early stage the patient presents asymptomatic but later on patients may present symptoms including vaginal breeding. pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse and finally the presence of vaginal mass may indicate the presence of malignancy sometimes in the advanced stage metastases may be present in the abdomen, lung, or elsewhere and may be accompanied by loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, pelvic pain, back pain, swollen legs, bone fractures and/or leakage of urine or feces from the vagina but occur very rarely. Cervical cancer is women’s fourth most common cancer It is of a public health concern as more than 569,000 cervical cancer new cases are reported annually and according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( IARC) global cancer observatory more than 311,000 death occur globally annually due to this cervical cancer however, in Africa the burden is well recognized where more than 119,000 new cases reported annually and 81,000 death occur annually (5) and according to current studies the burden was high observed in sub – Saharan Africa where cervical cancer contribute 20% to 25% of total cancer cases and World Health Organization report regarding the cervical cancer profile came to realize that low middle-income home countries are taking the highest burden of cervical cancer and this was due to lack effectiveness screening schedule In Tanzania, the burden of cervical cancer is well established and data declare that about 7000 women die each year due to cervical cancer the age group prone to this type of cancer is around 35 up to 44 and is uncommon for women below 20 years