Background: Data on respiratory virus disease burden in China is limited, as most studies focus on single viruses and lack population-based incidence and hospitalization rates. Methods: We integrated multi-source Chongqing data (Oct 15, 2023–Apr 30, 2025) to analyze seasonality and age-related trends of six viruses, identified SARI risk factors, and developed a modified multiplier model to estimate virus-associated ARI incidence and hospitalization rates. Results: We included 16,363 respiratory infection patients (12,669 outpatients, 3,694 inpatients). Most viruses resumed pre-COVID-19 seasonal patterns, with HRV and HMPV showing distinct seasonality. IFV peaked in adolescents/adults; RSV and HPIV affected infants and the elderly; HAdv, HRV, and HMPV were most prevalent in preschoolers. RSV carried a significantly higher SARI risk than other viruses (adjusted odds ratio: 1.52 vs HRV to 7.88 vs IFV). Incidence and hospitalization rates (per 100,000 person-years) of HRV (30,183; 2,153), HMPV (22,774; 514), RSV (22,181; 2,065), IFV (13,086; 807), HPIV (7,824; 556), and HAdv (6,991; 1,487) were highest in children under 5. Hospitalization rates rose again in those ≥ 60: HRV (170), RSV (80), IFV (70), HMPV (54), HAdv (27), HPIV (23). Conclusion: Note household transmission of child–elderly pattern pathogens. Multi-source data integration enables population-level evaluation of respiratory virus disease burden.

Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. We aimed to analyze the factors affecting the estimation of RSV-related disease burden, and furthermore, to provide evidence to help establish a surveillance system. Methods: We searched for literature published in English or Chinese between 1 January, 2010 and 2 June, 2022. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis and subgroup analyses. This review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022372972). Results: We included 44 studies (149,321,171 participants), all of which were of medium or high quality. The pooled RSV-associated disease incidence, hospitalization rate, in-hospital mortality, and overall mortality rates in children aged 5 years and younger were 9.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.0–11.0%), 1.68% (95% CI: 1.30–2.05%), 0.45% (95% CI: 0.38–0.52%), and 0.05% (95% CI: 0.04–0.06%), respectively. Age, economics, surveillance types, case definition, and data source were all influencing factors. Conclusions: A standardized and unified RSV surveillance system is required. Case definition and surveillance types should be fully considered for surveillance of different age groups.