Effect of Planned School Breaks on Student Absenteeism due to
Influenza-like Illness in School Aged Children - Oregon School District,
Wisconsin September 2014-June 2019
Abstract
Background School-aged children and school reopening dates have
important roles in community influenza transmission. Although many
studies evaluated the impact of reactive closures during seasonal and
pandemic influenza outbreaks on medically attended influenza in
surrounding communities, few assess the impact of planned breaks (i.e.,
school holidays) which coincide with influenza seasons, while accounting
for differences in seasonal peak timing. Here, we analyze the effects of
winter and spring breaks on influenza risk in school-aged children,
measured by student absenteeism due to influenza-like illness (a-ILI).
Methods We compared a-ILI counts in the two-week periods before and
after each winter and spring break over five consecutive years in a
single school district. We introduced a “pseudo-break” of 9 days’
duration between winter and spring break each year when school was still
in session to serve as a control. The same analysis was applied to each
pseudo-break to support any findings of true impact. Results We found
strong associations between winter and spring breaks and a reduction in
influenza risk, with a nearly 50% reduction in a-ILI counts post-break
compared to the period before break, and the greatest impact when break
coincided with increased local influenza activity. Conclusions These
findings suggest that brief breaks of in-person schooling, such as
planned breaks lasting 9-16 calendar days, can effectively reduce
influenza in schools and community spread. Additional analyses
investigating the impact of well-timed shorter breaks on a-ILI may
determine an optimal duration for brief school closures to effectively
suppress community transmission of influenza.