A real-time and accuracy defect detection system is significantly important for the PCB manufacture. This letter introduces a defect detection technology for the PCB manufacture without reference images. We firstly explored the YOLOX method for the defect detection of PCB manufacture. The core characteristics of the YOLOX method consist of decoupled head, data augmentation, anchor-free, and dynamic label assignment. The experimental results demonstrated that YOLOX can effectively improve the production process and promote production efficiency, and can be used for the nonstandardized quality control of PCB manufacture.