Derek R. Lovley1,2* Pier-Luc Tremblay3 Xinying Liu2,41Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.2Department of Microbiology and Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS)University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.3School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life ScienceWuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China4College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083, China*Corresponding author: dlovley@umass.edu