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Probiotic and Peanut OIT leads to long-lasting sustained unresponsiveness and quality-of-life improvement in peanut-allergic children
  • +11
  • Paxton Loke,
  • Kuang-Chih Hsiao,
  • Adriana Lozinsky,
  • Sarah Ashley,
  • Melanie Lloyd,
  • Sigrid Pitkin,
  • Christine Axelrad,
  • Kaushala Jayawardana,
  • Dean Tey,
  • Ee-Lyn Su,
  • Marnie Robinson,
  • Agnes Sze Yin Leung,
  • Audrey DunnGalvin,
  • Mimi Tang
Paxton Loke
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

Corresponding Author:paxton.loke@mcri.edu.au

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Kuang-Chih Hsiao
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Adriana Lozinsky
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Sarah Ashley
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Melanie Lloyd
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Sigrid Pitkin
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Christine Axelrad
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Kaushala Jayawardana
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Dean Tey
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Ee-Lyn Su
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Marnie Robinson
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Agnes Sze Yin Leung
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Audrey DunnGalvin
University College Cork
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Mimi Tang
Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
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Abstract

Background: Combined treatment with probiotic and peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT) was shown to induce sustained unresponsiveness (SU) in a proof-of-concept randomized trial. Additional data on safety and long-term outcomes are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and long-term effects of PPOIT in children with peanut allergy. Methods: Open-label study of 20 children aged 1-12 years with challenge-confirmed peanut allergy; all children received 18-months of PPOIT. Efficacy endpoints were desensitization, 8-week SU, and persistence of 8-week SU at 3-years post-treatment, assessed by double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (cumulative 4950mg peanut protein). Treatment emergent adverse events and relationship to study treatment were recorded. Immunologic measures and health related quality of life (HRQL) were evaluated at screening, end-of-treatment and 3-years post-treatment. Results: Sixteen children (75%) completed treatment. By intention-to-treat analysis, 75% (15/20) achieved desensitization and 60% (12/20) achieved 8-week SU. Ten of 12 participants with SU at end-of-treatment consented to the 3-year SU challenge; 6 (60%) had persistence of SU. PPOIT was associated with significantly reduced peanut skin prick test wheal size and serum peanut specific-IgE levels at end-of-treatment, 12-months and 3-years post-treatment. There were no serious adverse events. HRQL scores improved (exceeding the Minimal Clinically Important Difference of 0.45) at 12-months post-treatment with benefit sustained at 3-years post-treatment. Conclusions: Eighteen months of PPOIT induced high rates of desensitization and SU, and SU persisted to 3-years post-treatment in a majority of initial responders. PPOIT led to long-lasting suppression of peanut sIgE and long-lasting clinically important improvement in HRQL.