Background: COVID 19 affects pregnant women more severe than the nonpregnant women of reproductive age. However, the rate of critical illness and fatality reported from the other studies varied in a wide range in both group. The study aims to investigate the clinical outcomes of pregnant and nonpregnant patients hospitalised with COVID 19 infection. Method: Clinical, radiologoic and laboratory data of pregnant and nonpregnant patients of reproductive age (18-45 years) infected with COVID 19 were analysed retrospectively. Results: Of 153 patients, 123 were nonpregnant and 30 were pregnant. 15 of the 30 pregnant patients delivered during the hopital stay and 6 of them received an urgent cesarean section. Of the six urgent delivery, five were due to respiratory insufficiency related to COVID 19 and one was unrelated to COVID 19. Four preterm birth, one perinatal death but no stillbirth or miscarriage was recorded. The most common symptom and comorbidity were cough and asthma in both group respectively. Semiquantative CT severity score was significantly higher in pregnants than in nonpregnants (9 points vs 2 points, p=0.022). Prognostic laboratory markers including lymphocytopenia, C-reactive protein and D-dimer were markedly worse in the pregnant group. Severe or critical patients were proportionally higher in the pregnants than in the nonpregnants (26% vs 15%, p=0.004). Hospital length of stay (HLOS) was median 4 vs 5 day; p=0.68, mortality rate was 1/123(0.8%) vs 0/30(0%), p=0.62; intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate was 3/123 (2.4%) vs 7/30 (23.3), p<0.001; need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was 2/123 (1.6%) vs 5/30 (17%), p=0.003 in nonpregnant and pregnant patients respectively. Conclusion: COVID 19 has a more severe course in pregnant women versus nonpregnant control group, but no difference was noted in terms of hospital length of stay and mortality.

Introduction: People who inject drugs (PWID) should be treated in order to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the world. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare direct acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment of HCV for PWID and non-PWID in real life setting. Materials and methods: We performed a prospective, non-randomized, observational multi-center cohort study in 37 centers. All patients treated with DAAs therapy between April 1, 2017 to February 28, 2019 were included. In total, 2,713 patients were included in the study among which 250 were PWID and 2,463 were non-PWID. Besides patient characteristics, treatment response, follow-up and side effects of treatment were also analyzed. Results: Genotype 1a and 3 were more prevalent in PWID infected patients (20.4% vs 9.9% and 46.8% vs 5.3%). The number of naïve patients was higher in PWID (90.7% vs 60.0%), while the number of patients with cirrhosis was higher in non-PWID (14.1% vs 3.7%). The loss of follow up was higher in PWID (29.6% vs 13.6%). There was no difference in the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after treatment (98.3% vs 98.4%), but the end of treatment response was lower in PWID (96.2% vs 99.0%). In addition, the rate of treatment completion was lower in PWID (74% vs 94.4%). Conclusion: DAAs were safe and effective in PWID. Primary measures should be taken to prevent the loss of follow-up and poor adherence in PWID patients in order to achieve World Health Organization’s objective of eliminating viral hepatitis.