Brucellosis is an infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects ruminants and humans and its detection is still a significant challenge in particular, in the developing countries. At present, methods used to diagnose brucellosis consist of microbiological, biochemical, immunological, and molecular techniques which may be time-consuming, laborious, expensive, and dependent on special equipment, while they may not be suitable for on-site miniaturized detection. Thus, development of novel methods that can characterize Brucella spp with minimal equipment is invaluable for rapid and easy detection of these pathogenic bacteria especially in basic laboratories or even in the farm fields. The nanotechnology-driven approach can be successfully applied using different nanoparticles for the diagnosis of pathogens. Nanobiosensors are therefore, one of those promising solutions in this case. These sensors are efficient tools with diverse biological applications which can identify pathogenic bacteria with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. In this context, new nanobiosensors, developed based on various nanoparticles, for rapid detection of Brucella spp have been discussed.