Evaluation of the QT Interval in Patients with Drug-induced QT
Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes
Abstract
Background Data on the optimal location of the ECG leads for the
diagnosis of drug-induced long QT syndrome (diLQTS) with Torsades de
Pointes (TdP) are lacking. Methods We systematically reviewed the
literature for ECGs of patients with diLQTS and subsequent TdP. We
assessed T-wave morphology in each lead and measured the longest QT
interval in the limb and chest leads in a standardized fashion. Results
Of 84 patients, 61.9% were female and mean age was 58.8 years. QTc was
significantly longer in chest versus limb leads (mean (standard
deviation) 671 (102) vs 655 (97) ms, p=0.02). Using only limb leads for
QT interpretation, 18 (21.4%) ECGs were non-interpretable: 10 (11.9%)
due to too flat T-waves, 7 (8.3%) due to frequent, early PVCs and 1
(1.2%) due to too low ECG recording quality. In the chest leads, ECGs
were non-interpretable in 9 (10.7%) patients: 6 (7.1%) due to
frequent, early PVCs, 1 (1.2%) due to insufficient ECG quality, 2
(2.4%) due to missing chest leads but none due to too flat T-waves. The
most common T-wave morphologies in the limb leads were flat (51.0%),
broad (14.3%) and late peaking (12.6%) T-waves. Corresponding chest
lead morphologies were inverted (35.5%), flat (19.6%) and biphasic
(15.2%) T-waves. Conclusions Our results indicate that QT evaluation by
limb leads only underestimates the incidence of diLQTS experiencing TdP
and favors the screening using both limb and chest lead ECG.