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Abhiram Kanneganti

and 6 more

First gaining worldwide attention in February 2020, COVID-19 has infected 500,000, and taken the lives of 21,000 as of the 27th March 20201. In response to the rapidly escalating global crisis, most countries have employed drastic measures such as travel bans and nationwide lockdowns in an urgent attempt to slow down viral spread so as not to overwhelm limited healthcare resources. “Social distancing” is the catchphrase of the day. Singapore saw her first imported case on the 23rdJanuary 20202 and felt déjà vu , having experienced the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome [SARS] outbreak in 2003.Singapore’s response to SARS demonstrated two key priorities: sustainability of patient care and protection of healthcare professionals [HCPs]. While manpower was reorganised into teams segregated by time, place and expertise, many important hospital functions such as medical education and intermediate exam preparation for specialist trainees [STs] were ignored3 4. The only training was “on-the-job,” focusing on essential care. Both specialist and general training for junior doctors was neglected despite their frontline role. The situation with COVID-19 is no different, and globally we are already witnessing a negative impact on education and training5. While understandable, work-arounds do exist. In Singapore, we have been preparing for this6and our unit made it an early priority to continue medical education while balancing increased service needs and the requirement to avoid congregation. With the COVID-19 pandemic expected to last until the end of 2020 and possibly beyond, we share our strategies.To safeguard HCPs and ensure continuity of services in the inevitable event that HCPs contract COVID-19, hospitals nationwide have implemented team segregation. In our department, different teams work shifts to cover five geographically distinct service areas- outpatient services [two teams], emergency department [four teams], labour ward [four teams], sonography unit [two teams] and inpatient services [two teams]. The greatly increased manpower needs, non-standard working hours, the need to avoid congregation and depletion of staff through illness initially stopped our morning didactic sessions. However, within two weeks, we started using videoconferencing methods for synchronous distance teaching. While the use of videoconferencing in medical education is not new7 8, it has found revived utility in these times. The lead and assistant program directors created a timetable with topics blueprinted to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists membership examination [MRCOG] syllabus incorporating Green Top Guidelines, NICE guidelines, TOG articles and other RCOG documents such as consent advice, good practice, scientific impact papers, audits and key publications. This timetable was divided amongst the STs who committed to 1-2 sessions each per month. They were encouraged to select topics which represented personal knowledge gaps. The format comprises a 30-minute presentation with assessment of learning through Q&A, EMQs or SBA. These sessions are facilitated by senior faculty with our programme coordinators tracking education hours and attendance by verifying on-screen presence. We hold sessions at 0730hrs as it constitutes a quieter period prior to hand over and when most STs are awake. Those who are commuting, off work, or on quarantine / stay home notice still find it easy to participate.Zoom® [Zoom Video Communications Inc., San Jose, California, USA] has several features which have greatly assisted our mission. The most significant is its stability over a wide variety of platforms [i.e. smart phones and computers] running different operating systems over local 4G networks. Presenters found the “Share Screen” function very user friendly to allow voice-over teaching with their presentation slides. A pre-determined, recurrent meeting code is fixed for the morning session. Zoom® also allows recordings of the session which are stored on a hospital-based intranet server together with the presentation slides and the source guideline or article. This serves as a form of asynchronous teaching for those who missed the session or wish to revise.Comical usage of virtual backgrounds and participation of some our STs’ very young children at home brought in humour and gave a sense of solidarity at a time of isolation. Senior STs revealed themselves as natural peer trainers regarding exam technique. Interestingly, some of our junior STs felt that this style of teaching was more interactive than our typical Departmental didactic sessions. One remarked, “Zoom® meetings are more fun and meaningful because they are directed at what is really important for us to know and it is easy to ask questions fearlessly.” This is a positive consequence as many cultures fear “losing face” by asking questions in an audience of senior faculty. The end of the meeting also allows for any “on the ground” operational issues to be raised while serving as a conduit to pass on information from department leaders.A vital aspect of Singapore’s response to COVID-19 was to cut all non-time-sensitive surgical cases in order to boost surge critical care capacity and redistribute manpower and resources. In our unit, there is an 80-90% reduction in operating for benign gynaecology cases with only obstetric and gynaecologic oncology cases proceeding. Due to manpower constraints, all surgeries and on-table consultations are being undertaken by consultants with house officer assistance. As a result, STs’ gynaecological operative training has been greatly reduced. To partly address this, we started Zoom®-based surgical sharing sessions by experienced faculty, taping segments of current surgical cases or using archived videos to train on anatomy, surgical principles and pre- and post-operative care. A session on the management of ovarian cysts in pregnancy coincided with three recent cases and was particularly well received. Although videoconferencing has a role in surgical training9, it is very clear that it will not entirely remedy case-log deficiencies and the loss of hands-on experience. Simulators housed within the Department are available for individual use and we plan to incorporate these into “live” sessions.The MRCOG examinations, which are used to certify competence for progression within Singapore’s obstetrics and gynaecology specialist training programme, have been postponed10. To keep our exam candidates’ preparedness honed while waiting for the next exam window, we have also continued in-house Zoom® OSCE practice sessions. Prior to this pandemic, our STs were supported to take up RCOG Associate status in order to facilitate access to the RCOG’s excellent e-learning11 12 portal. We strongly recommend it as a staple for asynchronous learning as it is a repository for a wide array of modules pertaining to core knowledge, case discussions, technical skills and professionalism. Many Colleges globally have similar material, and these should be explored.This pandemic will undoubtedly affect the training and psychosocial wellbeing of STs who constitute a major component of the frontline staff. Disruption to training affects confidence and exam cancellations instil fear for the future as key purchases and family plans are put on hold. However, while this pandemic is expected to last until the end of the year, women’s health issues will continue to exist. It is important for the global community of obstetricians and gynaecologists to start seeing how to ensure continuity of training in this new environment. We offer a few simple suggestions on how to achieve this despite dyssynchronous rosters, home stay notices, anxiety, exhaustion and illness. Anecdotally, our STs report have found solidarity in a time of isolation through these morning sessions and it probably contributes to their ability to cope. The pandemic of today is daunting. We need to support our STs because to do so is to invest into the future of women’s health.