In Saccharomyces cerevisiae the histone H2A variant H2A.Z replaces H2A in about 10% of nucleosomes. H2A.Z is involved in all DNA-templated processes including transcriptional regulation. H2A.Z is found in nucleosomes flanking the nucleosome free region of promoters. While deletion of HTZ1 in S. cerevisiae leads to rapamycin sensitivity, the molecular mechanism behind this sensitivity is not well understood. Here we show that rapamycin sensitivity is yeast strain-specific. When treated with rapamycin, the htz1D strain is unable to properly express several genes found in Target Of Rapamycin protein complexes as well as genes whose expression are critical for amino acid uptake by yeast, including GAP1 and GTR1. We also find an epistatic relationship between HTZ1 and GTR1 (whose protein product is a member of the exit from rapamycin-induced growth arrest complex and a GTPase that is required for the proper activation of the Tor1 kinase. Although GTR1 is normally upregulated in the presence of rapamycin, overexpression of GTR1 does not rescue the sensitivity phenotype seen in the htz1D strain. Additionally, the phosphorylation of downstream targets of the protein kinase A is affected in the htz1D strain. Gene expression defects, coupled with disrupted protein kinase A signaling pathway combine to make the htz1D strain sensitive to rapamycin. Our study has identified a novel role for histone H2A.Z in regulating both the TOR and PKA signal pathways.

A document by Mohammad Yassin Zamanian. Click on the document to view its contents.

Hypothyroidism, a prevalent chronic health condition, can lead to serious complications if untreated. Management typically involves synthetic thyroid hormone replacement, with dosage being crucial for effective treatment. However, factors like stress and weight fluctuations impact thyroid hormone levels, posing challenges in dosage determination. This study introduces an innovative approach using machine learning for precise dosage prediction. We developed a synthetic thyroid disease dataset, encompassing parameters such as age, gender, TSH, T3, and T4, to train and evaluate various machine learning models. The study aimed to surpass the current state-of-the-art in dosage prediction, which is Poisson Regression with a 64.8% accuracy. Our findings reveal that Ridge Regression and Lasso Regression achieved an accuracy of 82%, while Support Vector Regression Machines attained 83%. Notably, k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN) algorithm demonstrated the highest accuracy of 86%, marking a significant improvement of over 21% from the existing standard. This enhancement in prediction accuracy holds potential for optimizing treatment efficacy and patient outcomes in hypothyroidism management.

Understanding volcanic eruption triggers is critical towards anticipating future activity. While internal magma dynamics typically receive more attention, the influence of external processes remains less understood. In this context, we explore the relationship between seasonal snow cycles and eruptive activity at Ruapehu, New Zealand. This is motivated by apparent seasonality in the eruptive record, where a higher than expected proportion of eruptions (post-1960) occur in spring (including the two previous eruptions of 2006 and 2007). Employing recent advancements in passive seismic interferometry, we compute sub-surface seismic velocity changes between 2005–2009 using the cross-wavelet transform approach. Opposite trends in velocities are identified on and off the volcano, with stations closest to the summit recording a winter high closely correlated with the presence of snow. Inverting for depth suggests these changes occur within the upper 200–300 m. Reduced water infiltration (as precipitation falls as snow) is considered the likely control of seasonal velocities, while modeling also points to a contribution from snow-loading. We hypothesise that this latter process may play a crucial role towards explaining seasonality in the eruptive record. Specifically, loading/unloading may influence the volcanic system through increased degassing, thereby increasing the likelihood of small, gas-driven, eruptions. Our findings shed light on the complex interactions between volcanoes and external environmental processes, highlighting the need for more focused research in this area. Pursuing this line of inquiry has significant implications towards improved risk and hazard assessments at not just Ruapehu, but also other volcanoes globally that experience seasonal snow cover.

1. Invasive alien species constitute a major threat for aquatic systems due to their potential impact on endemic biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, infrastructure, and possible sanitary issues. It is therefore crucial to obtain information on their presence, abundance and distribution. 2. The red blood mysid Hemimysis anomala, which originated from the Ponto Caspian area, has recently settled in western European lakes, including Lake Geneva. 3. Although divers have frequently reported the presence and development of this small crustacean over the last decade, no monitoring has yet been proposed. 4. During a period of 2.5 years, we tested and optimized an eDNA approach by comparing two PCR techniques, quantitative and digital droplet PCR, to assess the presence, abundance and dynamics of the animal as well as that of a potential predator, the perch (Perca fluviatilis). 5. We show and discuss the efficiency of the methods and reveal for the first time the seasonal dynamics of Hemimysis anomala at a selected site in Lake Geneva. We highlight, in agreement with diving observations that the animal’s abundance is high in winter and declines rapidly in early spring, concomitantly with temperature increase and perch presence.

Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent visual ailment, defined by insufficient wetting and lubrication of the ocular surface. The principal management strategy for dry eye involves the application of artificial tear solutions to mitigate eye discomfort. Moreover, immune-modulating agents such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506) are employed in the therapeutic regimen for this condition. These drugs regulate the immune response and reduce ocular inflammation. Tacrolimus (TAC) is 10-100 times more effective than cyclosporine and has a better safety profile. Nevertheless, the modest aqueous solubility and substantial molecular size of TAC present obstacles to its efficient administration to the eye. Consequently, a range of TAC formulations including ointments, micelles, liposomes, and nanocarriers are under exploration to enhance ocular delivery. Findings from this investigation indicated that TAC impedes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dampens immune activity by restraining the activation of T and B lymphocytes. Furthermore, TAC elevates goblet cell populations in the conjunctiva, pivotal for mucin production and the preservation of ocular surface integrity. Additionally, using TAC-loaded liposomes can further enhance its therapeutic efficacy by improving ocular bioavailability. Furthermore, 0.03% TAC eye drops applied directly to the eye successfully improve tear film stability and the health of the eye’s surface in patients with DED. Overall, TAC has shown promising effects in treating DED by reducing inflammation and improving tear secretion in experimental and clinical studies. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism of action and long-term effects of TAC on DED.

The aim of the study was to evaluate Photobiomodulation (PBM) as an analgesic alternative following endodontic instrumentation. The patient received single-session endodontic treatment on both upper right molars. After standard treatment, PBM was applied to tooth 17, while tooth 16 underwent a simulation. At the end of the procedures, the patient received a Visual Analog Scale to record pain at 4, 8, and 12 hours post-treatment, along with analgesics for use only in case of maximum pain. After 24 hours, a reassessment was conducted. There was a reduction of over 50% in spontaneous pain parameters at all time points, reaching zero at 4 hours. There was a reduction of over 50% in vertical percussion and about 29% in horizontal percussion. Palatal palpation showed an increase of 36%. There was no need for analgesic use. It is concluded that PBM may be an analgesic alternative for post-endodontic instrumentation spontaneous pain.

To investigate the shear capacity and behavior of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) deep beams reinforced with basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars without shear reinforcements. A total of nine RAC deep beams with a 100% replacement ratio of recycled aggregate (RA) were constructed and tested in four-point bending. Four key variables, shear span-to-depth ratio ( ), longitudinal reinforcement ratio ( ), beam effective depth ( ) and compressive strength of RAC ( ), were determined to explore the failure modes, relationship between load and deflection, first cracking load and strain distribution in longitudinal reinforcements. Results from tests indicated that diagonal tensile failure was the predominant failure mode in BFRP-RAC beams. The shear capacity increased when the shear span-to-depth ratio decreased and the compressive strength of RAC increased. In the light of the experimental results, the model of strut-and-tie model (STM) was used to analyze and calculate. In addition, the shear capacity obtained by the experiment is compared with the calculated value by using STM. It showed that the calculated values are in good agreement with the test values of shear capacity of deep beams.

Objective To investigate the impact of counseling interventions, using face-to-face training vs. mobile app for choosing mode of delivery. Design A four-armed, randomized, controlled parallel-design trial. Setting Ebnesina Private Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Population Pregnant women, between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation (n=120). Methods: Pregnant women were randomly assigend in three psycho-educational intervention groups; 1) motivational interviewing via face-to-face training, 2) information, motivation, and behavioral skills model via face-to-face training, 3) the same model via a mobile application, and 4) usual antenatal care (control group). To assess the face-to-face and mobile app method training method on women’s self-efficacy and intention in choosing a mode of delivery. Main outcome measures Mode of delivery (Cesarean section) Results: While all three intervention groups showed significant increases in women’s self-efficacy and intentions to choose vaginal delivery, the increase was particularly noticeable among those using mobile applications: Before the intervention, self-efficacy and intention Mean ± SD were 77.1±38.6 (CI-95%: [62.72, 91.60]) and 1.10±0.305 (CI-95%: [0.99, 1.21]), respectively. After the intervention, these scores increased to 99.7±30.7 (CI-95%: [88.27, 111.20]) for self-efficacy and 1.70±0.466 (CI-95%: [1.53, 1.87]) for intention. Although 56.7% of women in the intervention groups expressed a preference for vaginal delivery, only 37.5% ultimately pursued this birthing method Conclusions: Brief psycho-educational interventions, particularly technology-deriven interventions (mobile apps) can increase the likelihood of women choosing vaginal delivery. To enhance the effectiveness of such interventions, they can be conducted in conjunction with interventions for doctors and healthcare providers.

Spindle Cell Lipoma: A Case Report and Literature Review on Japanese PatientsKeigo Hirafuku, MD, Mayumi Ota, MD, Yoshimasa Nobeyama, MD, and Akihiko Asahina, MDDepartment of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Yoshimasa NobeyamaDepartment of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, JapanTel.: +81-3-3433-1111 ext. 3341; Fax: +81-3-5401-0125E-mail: nobederm@jikei.ac.jp1967 words, 2 tables, 3 figuresKeywords: atypical lipomatous tumor, lipoma, spindle cell lipoma, well-differentiated liposarcoma

Climate change significantly impacted on the survival, development, distribution, and abundance of living organisms. The Chinese serow Capricornis milneedwardsii, known as the ‘four unlike’, is a Class II nationally protected species in China. In this study, we predicted the geographical suitability of C. milneedwardsii under current and future climatic conditions using MaxEnt. The model simulations resulted in area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values above 0.9 for both current and future climate scenarios, indicating the excellent performance, high accuracy, and credibility of the MaxEnt model. The results also showed that annual precipitation (Bio12), slope, elevation, and mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio8) were the key environmental variables affecting the distribution of C. milneedwardsii, with contributions of 31.2%, 26.4%, 11%, and 10.3%, respectively. The moderately and highly suitable habitats were mainly located in the moist area of China, with a total area of 34.56×104 and 16.61×104 km2, respectively. Under future climate change scenarios, the areas of suitability of C. milneedwardsii showed an increasing trend. The geometric center of the total suitable habitats of C. milneedwardsii would show the trend of northwest expansion and southeast contraction. These findings could provide a theoretical reference for the protection of C. milneedwardsii in the future.

Management of Post-Partum Pulmonary edema in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a peripheral district hospital: A Case ReportP Bidari1, IK Silwal1, S Bijukchhe1, R Subedi1, P Sapkota1, S Adhikari2Department of Anesthesia and Critical CareDepartment of Clinical PharmacologyHetauda Hospital, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences

Although pediatric cancer is often considered a traumatic event, there is significant variability in youth psychosocial outcomes. Many children report coping well and they do not differ from their peers on indices of psychopathology. Understanding what makes children with cancer resilient is vital to supporting those at risk. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review was to identify factors associated with increased resilience following a pediatric cancer diagnosis. A systematic search of four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Academic Search Complete) resulted in 1356 unique records, of which 40 met inclusion criteria. Resilience-enhancing factors included family cohesion, strong parent-child relationships, and social support as well as youths’ coping strategies, positive attitudes toward illness, optimism, hope, and ego-resilience. The factors identified are potentially malleable and thus could contribute to the development of strengths-based psychosocial interventions. Future studies would benefit from person-based or multilevel analyses and prospective designs.

Identity disturbance (ID) has been identified as a transdiagnostic contributor to psychiatric symptoms and seems to be comprised of both interpersonal and self-oriented mechanisms. This study developed the identity self-focus experimental task, incorporating personalized adjectives, reflection, and varying conditions by source (Self or Other) of identity adjectives, to better understand the relation between ID and affectivity. University students ( N=97) completed a positive mood induction followed by the experimental manipulation— during which they continuously rated their positive affect. Results implicated specific facets of ID in higher negative and lower positive affect, and ID predicted difficulty regulating positive emotions. Higher ID was also associated with difficulty maintaining consistent positive affect for those in the Self condition and was associated with poorer emotion regulation for those in the Other condition. Findings suggests that ID is implicated in an unhelpful cognitive and affective style, especially for those with high levels of ID. While evidence-based treatments either do not or only indirectly address identity functioning issues, results suggest that measurement of ID and targeted intervention to strengthen identity may support emotional health outcomes of therapeutic treatments.

Background: Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a frequent cause of injury in patients. Our aim was to assess pharmacist interventions and their association with ADEs and potential adverse drug events (PADE). Methods: The search criteria: a published RCT, evidence of a pharmacist intervention, a comparison control group, and measurement of ADEs or PADEs. The information sources included MEDLINE, Embase, and two other databases through September 19, 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool for RCTs. A random-effects model for pooled studies was employed Results: Fifteen references meeting inclusion criteria were discovered. For ADEs, the pooled results showed a statistically significant benefit of pharmacist intervention in comparison to the control group (RR = 0.86; [95% CI 0.80-0.94); P = 0.0005. The heterogeneity was insignificant (P = 0.72; I 2 = 0%). Patients receiving a pharmacist intervention were 14% less likely for ADE than those who did not receive a pharmacist intervention. The estimated number of patients needed to prevent one ADE across all patient locations was 33. For PADEs, the pooled results did not show a statistically significant benefit for pharmacist intervention in comparison to the control group (RR = 0.79; [95% CI 0.47 – 1.32]; P =0.37.There was substantial heterogeneity in the pooled studies (P = 0.01; I 2 = 77%). However, there was a statistically significant subgroup difference (P = 0.005) for the intervention type. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs seeking to understand the association of pharmacist interventions with ADEs and PADEs. The risk of having an ADE is reduced by a seventh for patients receiving a pharmacist care intervention versus no such intervention. This fraction could be higher for certain high-risk patients. The estimated number of patients needed to be followed across all patient locations to prevent one preventable ADE across all patient locations is 33. Also, a subgroup analysis of pharmacist intervention focus suggests that further research is necessary to fully understand the impact of TOC pharmacist intervention on PADEs. If validated, these findings have potential to significantly reduce drug-related morbidity and related healthcare costs.

Given the potential of natural products (NPs) for various aspects of human well-being, it is important to involve a variety of stakeholders and disciplines in the investigation of their health-related properties. For this reason, IUPHAR has initiated a project aimed at establishing a science-based registry of NPs and their pharmacological activities, with a view to providing a better understanding of their potential influences on human health. From a pharmacological perspective, it is important to evaluate the effects of selected NPs on important determinants of health such as, e.g. immune response and inflammation (among others). IUPHAR calls for a concerted effort and asks stakeholders to contribute to this project.

Distributed sensing for gearbox operation and anomaly detection is essential to improve gearbox design and fault detection to reduce the operation and maintenance cost for wind energy. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of real-time distributed strain monitoring of gearbox operation using Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) with Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR). Leveraging the millimeter scale spatial resolution and high strain accuracy of DFOS, we performed an experimental test involving a gearbox with multiple planetary gears under varying load conditions. In this test, a single optical fiber was attached to the outer surface of the gearbox continuously, providing a comprehensive strain profile as the inside gears rotated. The operation status of the gearbox, including the locations of the planet gears can be clearly observed in real-time, and the rotation speed can also be calculated based on the measurements. The results also revealed a linear relationship between the load torque and the strain measurements at all locations, underlining DFOS’s capability to accurately quantify torque load and detect potential faults at an early stage.

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) is an inherited bleeding disorder of poor platelet function secondary to a defect in platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa). Patients with GT may develop anti-platelet antibodies including anti-GPIIb/IIIa which can lead to severe refractory thrombocytopenia and life-threatening bleeding, management of which is challenging. We report successful use of imlifidase, a novel IgG protease enzyme, as part of a multimodal approach for management of severe platelet refractoriness and alloimmunization in a child with GT and primary graft failure following hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The patient had no detectable anti-platelet alloantibodies following imlifidase, and underwent a second HSCT.

There is controversy about a causal role of serotonin (5-HT) in depression, some arguing that there is no proof for impaired brain 5-HT function in depressed patients. Major depressive disorder comes with multiple endophenotypes; not surprisingly classical antidepressants (tricyclics, MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs) are not universally effective. Most antidepressants target the 5-HT system, partially if not exclusively, but treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major issue. The most recent and heavily investigated class of potential rapid acting antidepressant, anxiolytic, and/or anti PTSD drugs, namely psychedelics (psilocybin, LSD, DMT, ayahuasca, etc..) or entactogens (MDMA, ibogaine), all target the 5-HT system, at least in part. Phase II / III clinical trials support psychedelics- and/or MDMA-assisted psychotherapy as a new class of rapid acting treatments for GAD, MDD, TRD, PTSD, and other disorders. Psilocybin and MDMA have FDA breakthrough status for TRD/MDD and PTSD, respectively, whereas LSD just received FDA breakthrough status for GAD. All psychedelics act as 5-HT2A receptor agonists, although LSD, DMT, psilocybin may also target other 5-HT and/or dopamine receptors. Psychedelics produce rapid onset and long-lasting antidepressant effects after one or two administrations. They all promote synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Neuroinflammation plays a major role in anxiety, depression, PTSD. Interestingly, psychedelic-induced 5-HT2A receptor agonism has profound anti-(neuro)inflammatory effects. Altogether, the 5-HT system plays an essential, but not unique role in MDD and related disorders. MDD, TRD and PTSD may be considered as biochemical, neurological and immune conditions, given the emerging role of neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation, which until recently, have been overlooked.

The present study mainly focused on the diversity, distribution and morphology of some ornamental ferns and fern allies (pteridophytes) that have been widely used for ornamental purposes, medicine and food since the ancient period. Ferns and fern- allies belong to filicales. They are homosporous leptosporangiate flowerless, seedless and vascular plants found mostly in humid areas. Ferns are selected for foliage colour, leaves texture, shape of fronds, upright habit delicate beauty and excellent for decorative prospects and are cultivated as an ornamental plant. These species are distributed all over the world. In India, various types of ferns and fern allies are found in the Himalayan mountain range, Eastern Ghat and Western Ghat. They are most times neglected, less cultivated, underutilized, unrecognized plants and there is a lack of awareness of the importance of ferns. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of studies on ornamental ferns for decorative prospects, carried out by many researchers to provide detailed information on the position and morphology of ferns and prospects, values and significance of using ornamental ferns in the florist and landscape industry.

Anxiety is one of the most common and debilitating mental health disorders, and is related to changes in interoception (perception of bodily states). While anxiety is more prevalent in women than men, gender differences in interoception-anxiety associations are often overlooked. Here we examined gender-specific relationships between anxiety and interoception in the breathing domain, utilising multicentre data pooled from four study sites (N=175; 51% female). State anxiety scores were quantified via the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and interoceptive measurements via an inspiratory load detection task. From this task, breathing-related interoceptive dimensions of sensitivity, decision bias, metacognitive bias (confidence in interoceptive decisions), and metacognitive insight (congruency between performance and confidence) were quantified. Regression analyses revealed a significant negative relationship between state anxiety and metacognitive bias (=-0.28; p=0.01) and insight (=-0.09; 95% Highest Density Interval [HDI] in a hierarchical Bayesian regression=[-0.18,-0.004]) across the whole sample, while anxiety did not relate to interoceptive sensitivity nor decision bias. No mean effects of gender were observed for any interoceptive variables, however, the relationship between anxiety and metacognitive insight into breathing perception was driven by women (women: =-0.18; HDI=[-0.31,-0.05]; men: =0.02; HDI=[-0.12,0.15]) with a significant interaction effect ( difference=-0.20; HDI=[-0.37, -0.01]). In summary, anxiety was associated with decreased metacognitive bias across all participants, while decreased interoceptive insight was only associated with anxiety in women but not men. Therefore, treatment programs focusing on interoceptive metacognitive bias may be useful for all anxiety patients, while interoceptive insight might represent a specific treatment target for women with anxiety.

Primulina magnifica F. Wen & W.C. Chou, a new species of Gesneriaceae from the limestone areas of Yizhou District, Hechi City, Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated here. It morphologically resembles P. mollifolia (D.Fang & W.T.Wang), J.M.Li & Yin Z.Wang in leaf blades. Still, it can be easily distinguished from the latter by noting a combination of characteristics, especially in its tube infundibuliform, and obviously broader bracts. We found only one population, about 300 mature individuals, at the type locality. According to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (Version 3.1), the new species is tentatively designated as Critically Endangered (CR).

Urbanization modifies ecosystem conditions and evolutionary processes. This includes air pollution, mostly as tropospheric ozone (O3), which contributes to the decline of urban and peri-urban forests. A notable case are fir(Abies religiosa) forests in the peripheral mountains southwest of Mexico City, which have been severely affected by O3 pollution since the 1970s. Interestingly, some young individuals exhibiting minimal O3—related damage have been observed within a zone of significant O3 exposure. Using this setting as a natural experiment, we compared asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals of similar age (≤15 years old; n = 10) using histological, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches. Plants were sampled during days of high (170 ppb) and moderate (87 ppb) O3 concentration. Given that there have been reforestation efforts in the region, with plants from different source populations, we first confirmed that all analysed individuals clustered within the local genetic group when compared to a species-wide panel (Admixture analysis with ~1.5K SNPs). We observed thicker epidermis and more collapsed cells in the palisade parenchyma of needles from symptomatic individuals than from their asymptomatic counterparts, with differences increasing with needle age. Furthermore, symptomatic individuals exhibited lower concentrations of various terpenes (ß-pinene, ß-caryophylene oxide, α-caryophylene and ß-α-cubebene) than asymptomatic trees, as evidenced through GC-MS. Finally, transcriptomic analyses revealed differential expression for thirteen genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, plant defense, and gene regulation. Our results indicate a rapid and contrasting phenotypic response among trees, likely influenced by standing genetic variation and/or plastic mechanisms. They open the door to future evolutionary studies for understanding how O3 tolerance develops in urban environments, and how this knowledge could contribute to forest restoration.

Amplicon sequencing is an effective and increasingly applied method for studying viral communities in the environment. Here, we present vAMPirus, a user-friendly, comprehensive, and versatile DNA and RNA virus amplicon sequence analysis program, designed to support investigators in exploring virus amplicon sequencing data and running informed, reproducible analyses. vAMPirus intakes raw virus amplicon libraries and, by default, performs nucleotide- and amino acid-based analyses to produce results such as sequence abundance information, taxonomic classifications, phylogenies, and community diversity metrics. The vAMPirus analytical framework leverages 16 different opensource tools and provides optional approaches that can increase the ratio of biological signal-to-noise and thereby reveal patterns that would have otherwise been masked. Here, we validate the vAMPirus analytical framework and illustrate its implementation as a general virus amplicon sequencing workflow by recapitulating findings from two previously published double-stranded DNA virus datasets. As a case study, we also apply the program to explore the diversity and distribution of a coral reef-associated RNA virus. vAMPirus is streamlined within Nextflow, offering straightforward scalability, standardization, and communication of virus lineage-specific analyses. The vAMPirus framework is designed to be adaptable; community-driven analytical standards will continue to be incorporated as the field advances. vAMPirus supports researchers in revealing patterns of virus diversity and population dynamics in nature, while promoting study reproducibility and comparability.