Objectives: Thousands of Veterans file claims for military sexual trauma (MST)-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) disability through the Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) Veterans Benefits Administration (VBA) annually to receive covered healthcare benefits and monthly nontaxable compensation for MST-related conditions. Although 72% of MST claims in 2021 were granted, prior reporting found claims had been erroneously denied due to insufficient evidence-gathering and scheduling of disability exams for sufficiently developed claims. The present study explores decision-making processes around evidence-gathering for MST-related disability claims through interviews with VBA and Veterans Health Administration (VHA) staff who develop, rate, and evaluate MST disability claims ( n = 21). Methods: Interviews occurred from October 2021-January 2024 and were analyzed using rapid qualitative methods and inductive coding, revealing themes of ambiguity, beliefs, and discretion. Results: Participants described MST “markers”(e.g., behavioral events or patterns indicating effects of MST) as difficult to reliably identify and demonstrated disagreements about what constituted a marker. Within this ambiguity, factors that shaped participants’ decision-making included beliefs about the MST and its impacts, the veracity of Veteran PTSD and/or MST claims, and the role of VA staff. Participants’ judgments appeared to depend in part on personal beliefs; those who generally believed Veterans advocated for and centered survivors, whereas those who endorsed sexual assault myths or that Veterans were not truthful about PTSD and/or MST were skeptical and tended to gatekeep VA resources for those deserving. Conclusion: Future policy and programming around MST claim processing should focus on reducing ambiguity and impacts of personal beliefs on discretion and objectivity.

A practical molecular editing strategy has been established for the direct and consecutive C-3 diazenylation and C-2 arylation of indoles with aryltriazenes under metal-free and ambient conditions. A sequence of tandem reactions has been developed via the sustained release of aryldiazonium species from aryltriazenes to achieve the controlled multiple bonds sequential cleavage and formation. This strategy enables the regio- and chemo-controlled consecutive C−H functionalization of indole at two adjacent reactive sites (C-2 versus C-3) without pre-functionalization of the reactive sites and even without the assistance of the directing group, metal catalyst or ligand. Detailed mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations along with supported a sequence of tandem reaction mechanisms. The synthetic importance of this methodology is evident from the simple operation, good functional group tolerance, gram-scale synthesis, late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation.

A document by Michael Blatt. Click on the document to view its contents.

Iron (Fe) deficiency severely limits plant growth in calcareous soils. Plants have evolved two main strategies to acquire sparingly available Fe under these conditions. These strategies may show natural variations that can be exploited for agriculture but remain unexplored since most research has focused on crops and model plants. To find such variations, we cultivated various plant species in a high throughput manner under Fe-sufficient and deficient media and compared their Fe deficiency responses. We discovered that Veronica officinalis, a species adapted to non-calcareous soils, failed to induce the accumulation of fluorescent phenolic compounds in roots, a common response to Fe deficiency in several species, when grown in a Fe-deficient medium. On the other hand, Trifolium montanum, a legume adapted to calcareous soils, showed pronounced root fluorescence even when cultivated in a Fe-sufficient medium. T. montanum plants also showed constitutive ferric chelate reductase activity and rhizosphere acidification, indicating a general defect in turning off Fe deficiency-induced responses. These findings suggest that adaptation to contrasting environments with predictable Fe availability can lead to a loss of plasticity in Fe deficiency responses. While V. officinalis benefits by giving up a Fe-acquisition component that is non-essential where it is adapted, T. montanum benefits from constitutive Fe acquisition in chronically Fe-deficient calcareous soils. These contrasting adaptations highlight the trade-offs inherent in maintaining plasticity and underline the importance of studying stress responses in wild species of diverse natural settings, which can contribute to developing stress-tolerant crops.

Objectives: The goals of this study are to assess primary care provider (PCP) knowledge of and attitudes toward pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to identify variations in practice patterns. Design: A cross-sectional survey including the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitudes in Children (OSAKA-KIDS) questionnaire was administered to PCPs from August to December 2021. Univariable analyses and multivariable linear regressions were performed to analyze associations between demographics and knowledge, attitudes, and screening frequency. Results: There were 82 PCPs who completed the survey (age 43.4 ±9.6 years, 69.6% female, 90.2% non-Hispanic White). Specialties included Pediatrics (65.9%) and Family Medicine (32.9%). Respondents answered a mean 84.9 ±10.7% questions correctly on the knowledge portion. Years in practice, provider training background, and academic affiliation were not associated with knowledge scores. Less than half (45.1%) of respondents screened for OSA ‘most of the time’ (32.9%) or ‘always’ (12.2%). Higher screening frequency was associated with clinics with higher Medicaid beneficiaries (P=0.002) and a lower proportion of Black patients (P=0.033). Providers who felt more confident in managing OSA were more likely to screen ‘most of the time’ (B=0.532, 95%CI [0.120 – 0.926], P=0.012), or ‘always’ (B=0.708, 95%CI [0.129 – 1.29], P=0.017). Conclusion: These results suggest guideline-recommended screening for OSA is low among PCPs despite high knowledge scores. Higher confidence in OSA management was associated with higher screening rates for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Further studies on interventions aimed to increase screening and confidence may improve equitable care.

Objective: To determine if pediatric patients who have laterality defects and meet the diagnostic criteria for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) evaluation are being referred to and evaluated by pediatric pulmonologists. Subjects and methods: A retrospective chart review using the electronic medical record was conducted at Dallas Children’s Health for patients with laterality defects who met two or more of the PCD evaluation criteria: laterality defect, chronic daily cough, and chronic daily nasal congestion starting in infancy, and neonatal respiratory distress of unclear etiology requiring oxygen or positive pressure for 24 hours or longer. The referral rates to pediatric pulmonary, genetics, and whether patients were evaluated for PCD were determined. Results: The electronic medical record search for laterality defects identified 433 patients. Of these, 14 patients were excluded because they were found not to have a laterality defect, and 38 because they did not have enough data (birth history, onset, and or characteristics of cough) for analysis. Neonatal respiratory distress was excluded as a symptom for those patients with a known etiology for their respiratory distress. Of the 381 patients who met the criteria for analysis, 192 (50%) met only one criteria for PCD evaluation (laterality defect), and 50% met 2 or more of the criteria. Of the 84 patients who met the minimum 2 criteria for PCD evaluation, 45% were referred to pulmonary, 14% to genetics, and only 15% were evaluated for PCD. Of the 27 patients who met all 4 PCD criteria for evaluation, 96% were referred to pulmonary, 85% to genetics, and 85% were evaluated for PCD. Among the 381 patients studied, there were no significant differences in the referral rate by the patient’s demographics, including sex, race, ethnicity, and insurance type. The sensitivity of referrals increased with the number of PCD criteria. Conclusions: A substantial number of pediatric patients meeting the criteria for PCD evaluation with 2 PCD referral criteria are not referred to pediatric pulmonologists, and a larger number are not being evaluated for PCD. As expected, patients with 3 or 4 PCD referral criteria have a higher rate of referral to pulmonary than those meeting the required 2 criteria. Nonetheless, a substantial number of patients who meet all 4 criteria for evaluation are not being evaluated for PCD even when referred to pulmonary or genetics. This highlights the importance of PCD education and awareness efforts for Pediatric specialists and subspecialists, including pediatric pulmonologists.

This study presents an innovative approach to combat the rapid spread of fake news on social media. By combining the Salp Swarm Algorithm with a Support Vector Machine, the proposed model achieves improved prediction accuracy. The Popular World Twitter dataset, comprising 10 million tweets, is utilized for training and testing the models. Different metaheuristic algorithms, including MVO, GA, PSO, GOA, and SSA, are used to optimize the SVM and generate five models. The dataset is converted into word representation through various feature extraction techniques, resulting in eight processed datasets. Comparisons with other metaheuristic algorithms demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach, as it achieves higher accuracy with a reduced set of the most relevant features.

We compared times series for rock ptarmigan densities (20032019) derived from walked transects and road transects in Mosfellsheiði and Slétta in southwest and northeast Iceland, respectively. The walked transects were laid out according to a random rule, but the road transects were not. Data from both survey types were analysed according to the distance sampling methodology. The purpose was to compare results derived from the two survey types. Road transects are easier to conduct than walked transects, but they break a fundamental rule of distance sampling, namely random placement of transects. Our results show that road transects are more than five times faster to conduct than walked transects. There were no indications that ptarmigan avoided roads. Population indices were similar for the two survey methods in both study areas. Density estimates in Mosfellsheiði were identical for the two survey methods but not in Slétta, where density estimates for road transects were lower. The Slétta road transects were biased low because parts of the road transect intersected habitat that ptarmigan do not occupy. This bias can be remedied at least partially by considering non-habitats by applying multipliers in the distance analysis.

The ability to perceive environments supports an important foundation for our self-developed robotic rat to improve kinematic performance and application potential. However, the most existing visual perception of quadruped robots suffers from poor perception accuracy in real-world dynamic environments. To mitigate the problem of erroneous data correlation, which is the main cause of low accuracy, the work presents an approach that combines leg odometry (LO) and IMU measurements with VSLAM to provide robust localization capabilities for small-scale quadruped robots in challenging scenarios by estimating the depth map and removing moving objects in dynamic environments. The method contains a depth estimation network with higher accuracy by combining the attention mechanism in the Transformer with the RAFT-Stereo depth estimation algorithm. Besides, the method combines target identification and segmentation with 3D projection of feature points to remove moving objects in dynamic environments. In addition, LO and IMU data are fused in the modified framework of ORB-SLAM3 to achieve highly accurate localization. The proposed approach is robust against erroneous data correlation due to moving objects and wobbles of quadruped robots. Evaluation results on multiple stages demonstrate that the system performs competitively in dynamic environments, outperforming existing visual perception methods in both public benchmarks and our costumed small-scale robotic rat.

Background: Inflammation and autoimmune responses contribute to the pathophysiology of Long COVID, and its affective and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) symptoms, labeled “the physio-affective phenome.” Objectives: To investigate whether Long COVID and its physio-affective phenome are linked to autoimmunity to the tight junction proteins, zonulin and occludin (ZOOC), and immune reactivity to lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and whether the latter are associated with signs of human herpes virus-6 reactivation (HHV-6), autoimmunity directed against oligodendrocyte and neuronal proteins, including myelin basic protein (MBP). Methods: IgA /IgM/IgG responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), HHV-6, ZOOC, and neuronal proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), were measured in 90 Long COVID patients and 90 healthy controls. The physio-affective phenome was conceptualized as a factor extracted from physical and affective symptom domains. Results: Neural network identified IgA directed to LPS (IgA-LPS), IgG-ZOOC, IgG-LPS, and IgA-ZOOC as the most important variables associated with Long COVID diagnosis with an area under the ROC curve of 0.755. Partial Least Squares analysis showed that 40.9% of the variance in the physio-affective phenome was explained by CRP, IgA-MPB and IgG-MBP. A large part of the variances in both autoimmune responses to MBP (36.3-39.7%) was explained by autoimmunity (IgA and IgG) directed to ZOOC. The latter was strongly associated with indicants of HHV-6 reactivation, which in turn was associated with increased IgM-SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Autoimmunity against components of the tight junctions and increased bacterial translocation may be involved in the pathophysiology of Long COVID’s physio-affective phenome.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the bounds of the spectral norms of r-circulant and geometric circulant matrices whose elements are a generalization of Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers called bi-periodic Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers by three different ways. We also present the sum of entries; the maximum column sum matrix norm and the maximum row sum matrix norm of this circulant matrices. Then, we present bounds for the spectral norms of Kronecker and Hadamard products of r-circulant matrices and geometric circulant matrices with bi-periodic Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers. Finally, we give an explicit formula for the eigenvalues of r-circulant matrix with the bi-periodic Jacobsthal-Lucas numbers.

Allergy discordant twins do not exhibit differences in gene expression in non-switched and switched B cellsStephan Schneider1, Pattraporn Satitsuksanoa1, Huseyn Babayev2, Willem van de Veen1, Iris Chang3, Minglin Yang1, Cezmi A. Akdis1, Kari Nadeau4, Mübeccel Akdis11 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland2 Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, Bolu, Türkiye3 Department of Pediatrics/ Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA4 Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, Mass. USA 02115To the Editor,Allergy is a globally spread affliction that is based on dysregulation of immune responses towards ‘harmless’ antigens.1 B cells and their regulation are at the center of allergic disease mechanisms.2,3 They produce IgE, which is essential for allergen-induced mast cell and basophil degranulation.4 The common consensus is, that the regulation of B cells is closely tied to tolerance and allergy.2,5 In allergy this regulation is likely dysfunctional, resulting in different B cell behaviour. Therefore we performed whole transcriptome analysis on peripheral B cells from twins who were discordant or concordant for allergic diseases to identify allergy-associated differential gene expression patterns (i.e. receptors to a type 2 response). We sorted switched and non-switched B cells from 16 twin pairs that were either healthy, allergy discordant or allergy concordant and performed bulk RNA sequencing to identify differences in gene expression patterns. We hypothesized that there would be significantly different expressions in pathways related to B cell activation, B cell regulation or B cell isotype switching correlating to allergic symptoms. The donors were monozygotic and mainly allergic to timothy grass, birch tree pollen and/or house dust mites; none had taken or were on allergen-immunotherapy (Supplementary Table 1-3). Samples were obtained via ethics approval and consent. We sorted switched and unswitched B cells from bio-banked PBMCs, extracted RNA, depleting the ribosomal RNA, and performed 100bp single-end RNA sequencing on the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform.6 Unbiased clustering, excluding long non-coding RNA, (Figure 1A) showed that the main influences for clustering in descending order are switched vs non-switched B cells, twin pairs and then their concordance status. An individuals allergy status had little to no significant impact on the overall clustering. The same holds true for the PCA analysis of the top 300 significant genes across all samples (Figure 1B). Comparing healthy concordant to allergy concordant twins could be greatly influenced by confounding factors like twin pair similarities and grouping by concordance instead of their actual healthy status. For these reasons, we compared the healthy vs allergic within the discordant twin pairs to avoid these influences for gene expression analysis. In this comparison, neither switched nor non-switched B cell show pathways that would traditionally be associated with allergies or B cell regulation in particular (Supplementary Table 4). A log fold change of greater than 0.5 and a p-value of 0.05 gave a FDR of 0.9999. Adjusting for a FDR below 0.05 (p-value <0.00001) resulted no differentially expressed genes for switched and 5 genes without a common pathway in non-switched B cells. Using this methodology of analysis, we did not find significant differences in pathway regulations on the wider scale of B cells between allergy-discordant twins.PCA analysis for the top 300 genes by the p-value of the allergy-discordant twins confirmed that allergic vs healthy twins do not group by allergy status (Figure 2A). Pathway analysis of the top genes in allergy-discordant twins does not reveal any cohesive pathways (allergy vs healthy) in the switched B cells (Figure 2B). There is one pathway in the upregulated genes of the non-switched B cells, whose genes are associated with the cell cycle and not directly with immune functions.Our results show no indication that there is a general dysregulation of B cells as an underlying cause for allergies. Any differences that might exist are too subtle to be observed across B cells. We propose that distinctions between allergic and non-allergic individuals may only be noticeable in allergen-specific B cells. These effects are probably overshadowed by the variability among individuals due to the rarity of allergen-specific B cells in the overall B cell population.

Thunderstorm-related respiratory symptoms: An old story with a new ending?Francis ThienProfessor/Director of Respiratory MedicineEastern Health & Monash University,Box Hill, Victoria 3128, AUSTRALIAIsabella Annesi-MaesanoProfessor of Environmental Epidemiology, INSERM Research Director,Department of Pulmonology, Allergy and Thoracic Oncology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, FranceGennaro D’Amato,Director, Division of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, High Speciality Hospital ‘A. Cardarelli’,Professor of Respiratory Allergy School of Specialization in Respiratory Diseases,Federico II University of Naples, Rione Sirignano 10,80121 Naples, Italy

A document by Mohamed Mostafa A.G. Click on the document to view its contents.

An increasing number of studies examine the use of digital devices (DDs) by children. However, most of these studies include parents as subjects, while the children’s perspective has been much less studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the use of DDs from the perspective of Croatian children aged 4 to 6 years (N=84) using a semistructured interview. The results show that there is no child who does not use at least one DD. Children systematically report varying levels of parental control over usage. On the other hand, they still favor other forms of entertainment over the use of DDs – playing with toys, playing with other children in the park etc. As children tend to use DDs alone and do not exploit the social aspects of digital media, the need for a live interactive environment appears to strongly influence preschoolers’ activity choices.

Objective: To understand the experiences of women, birth partners and health professionals of verbal followed by retrospective written consent in a prospective cohort study of a device to manage post-partum haemorrhage (PPH). Design: Grounded Theory. Setting: Tertiary facility in the North-West of England, UK. Sample: We used purposive and theoretical sampling to recruit 51 participants; 12 women, 12 birth partners, 16 obstetricians and 11 midwives. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted, using a topic guide for focus, until data saturation was achieved. Data were analysed using framework analysis technique. Results: Most women wanted sufficient information to make a decision at the time of the event, rather than in advance, and preferred not to be overwhelmed with detail. A key factor in making the decision to participate was a positive and trusting relationship with the attending obstetrician. Obtaining consent for research in emergencies was viewed by obstetricians as requiring a different approach and more challenging than consent for standard procedures in an emergency. Conclusions: This is the first study to explore verbal followed by retrospective written consent processes with women, clinicians and observers. This was acceptable to all, however information needs to be appropriate, and consenters require adequate training. (197/200)

Objective: The study aims to compare alterations of glucose fluctuations across individuals with different kinds of diabetes in pregnancy and investigate influencing factors that may react with glucose variations (GV). Design：A retrospective cohort study was conducted from May 2018 and May 2021. Setting：Shanghai General Hospital. Population: A total of 776 pregnant women who were diagnosed diabetes was obtained. We grouped participants who were exposed to gestational hyperglycemia into 5 sub-groups [Type 1 diabetes (T1DM), Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), Overt diabetes, Gestational diabetes (GDM) 1 and GDM2). Methods: Logistic regression models, one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method and the chi-squared test were utilized. Main Outcome Measures: Demographic variables and GV parameters were compared among 5 groups through ANOVA-test and Chi-square test. We estimated odd ratios (ORs) for the association between glucose coefficient of variation (CV) and possible influencing variables. Results: T1DM group performed greatest glucose fluctuations with a CV value 35.02% whereas the number in all the other groups was no more than 22.82%. On multivariate logistic regression analysis of possible factors influencing CV, only body mass index (BMI) (OR: 0.754, P=0.029), HOMA- β (OR:0.969, P=0.037) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (OR: 1.832, P=0.008) reached statistical significance. Conclusions: A greater GV in pregnant women with pre-pregnancy diabetes than that in GDM controls, and the former had a worse glucose profile than the other two groups while ODM group coming second. BMI, HOMA-β and FPG remain as an independent risk factors for unstable GV.

The increase in the use of trails for outdoor recreation observed in recent decades has led to greater pressure on existing trails and the creation of informal new trails, resulting in damage and degradation of these infrastructures. This degradation is concerning because many of these trails are located in protected natural areas, which aim to conserve natural resources and associated biodiversity. Concurrently, ecosystems worldwide have also been experiencing increased degradation, prompting the United Nations to declare the current decade as the Decade for Ecosystem Restoration. In this context, through a systematic review of the scientific literature, we aimed to better understand what science has discovered to enhance the management of degraded trails in protected natural areas worldwide. We observed that the number of research studies has been growing, particularly in the last decade, and is concentrated in countries with developed economies and by researchers from these countries. The terms used to describe a trail are quite diverse in the literature. Furthermore, some terms used in trail management, such as building or construction, maintenance, and repair, are uniformly utilized by authors. However, terms to address the reversal of trail degradation, such as restoration, recovery, and rehabilitation, are used quite variably among authors. Thus, future research could help clarify the use of these terms. We also noted that many studies have been dedicated to investigating the state of degradation of the trails in protected areas. However, only a minority of articles have addressed strategies to reverse the scenario of trail degradation, especially through experiments to identify the most effective strategies for different situations. This observation is concerning since the degradation of ecosystems and trails can become extremely costly or even irreversible. Therefore, further scientific studies are crucial to improve trail management, especially to reverse the scenario of trail degradation in protected natural areas.

Sustainable landscape management requires accurately identifying the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services (ES). Three commonly utilized approaches to quantify ES trade-off/synergy relationships include the space-for-time approach, landscape background-adjusted space-for-time approach, and temporal trend approach. However, the similarities and differences among these three approaches in identifying ES relationships in the same area remain unclear. Thus, we conducted a case study in the rapidly urbanizing Yangtze River Delta region, comparing the three approaches based on annual data spanning from 2001 to 2020 for 12 types of ES. We found that: (1) the ES trade-off/synergy relationships detected by the three approaches exhibit significant divergencet, with only 1.45% consistency among the 66 pairs of ES relationships. (2) All three approaches can overlook ES trade-offs, miss ES synergies, and erroneously detect interactions where none exist. (3) The mechanisms contributing to the misidentification of ES relationships by the three approaches include: neglecting the underlying assumptions of different approaches, insufficient time interval length, short time series of ES data, data aggregation effects, non-linear changes in ES, time lag effects of ES relationships, among others. Our results indicate that each of the three approaches has its own advantages and disadvantages in identifying ES relationships. Prior to selecting an approach for identifying relationships between ES in a specific study area, careful consideration of the availability of time series data, the characteristics of the chosen ES type, and thorough examination of the underlying assumptions and uncertainties of each approach are imperative.

Genomic projections of (mal)adaptation under future climate change, known as genomic offset, faces limited application due to challenges in validating model predictions. Individuals inhabiting regions with high genomic offset are expected to experience increased levels of physiological stress as a result of climate change, but documenting such stress can be challenging in systems where experimental manipulations are not possible. One increasingly common method for documenting physiological costs associated with stress in individuals is to measure the relative length of telomeres – the repetitive regions on the caps of chromosomes that are known to shorten at faster rates in more adverse conditions. Here we combine models of genomic offsets with measures of telomere shortening in a migratory bird, the yellow warbler (Setophaga petechia), and find a strong correlation between genomic offset, telomere length, and population decline. While further research is needed to fully understand these links, our results support the idea that birds in regions where climate change is happening faster are experiencing more stress and that such negative effects may help explain the observed population declines.

The increasing phenomenon of non-grain production of cultivated land (NGPCL) in China poses a threat to food security and the rural ecological environment. The continued in situ urbanisation (ISU) of China’s counties has changed the pattern of arable land use and the structure of crop cultivation. However, to date, relatively few studies have focused on the impact of ISU on NGPCL, posing a challenge in rationally regulating NGPCL at different stages of urbanisation. Therefore, we investigated the ISU process and NGPCL in 781 counties within China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) and analysed these dynamics using a segmented linear regression model. Our main finding is that both ISU and NGPCL levels have increased in the YREB during the study period, with the two showing a reversed trend in the east-west direction. In addition, ISU has a significant negative effect on NGPCL, particularly strong in the dimension of land urbanisation. This negative effect is mitigated as the quality of urbanisation improves over time. The results of this study provide insights into the internal mechanisms driving the evolution of the NGPCL at different stages of urbanisation in these districts and help find solutions to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural development.

Longitudinal sensitization patterns in childhood and adolescence

Purpose: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a relatively rare arthritic disease that significantly impacts patients’ physical health and mental well-being. To date, research on PVNS has shown initial success. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of literature on bibliometric analysis within the PVNS domain. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status and research focal points pertaining to PVNS through bibliometric and visualization analysis. METHODS: Articles relevant to PVNS research from the period 2000-2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science database, and bibliometric analyses were conducted using VOSviewer and CiteSpace software. RESULTS: This study abstracted a total of 1171 articles from 66 countries, including the United States, Brazil, and China. The overall trend in the number of published articles exhibited a phased increase. Leiden University in the Netherlands, Mayo Clinic in the United States, and Minas University in Brazil ranked at the top in the number of published articles and are significant PVNS research institutions. Among the 76 authors with more than 4 articles, Hans Gelderblom of Leiden University in the Netherlands published 15 articles and ranked at the top in terms of citations, representing a cornerstone of the PVNS research field. Major topics of previous PVNS research include giant cell tumors, tenosynovitis, and arthroscopy.The current research hotspots in PVNS are likely centered on the exploration of various tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of this condition. CONCLUSION:This study represents the first attempt to conduct research on PVNS using bibliometric methods, analyzing the current status of PVNS research over the past 23 years, identify prominent research trends, and offer guidance to scholars and clinicians engaged in PVNS research.

With the growing number of sensors technologies, the production of numerous types of data allows finer observations of our environment. Among them, time series represent a valuable heritage by the time spent on their recording and the information they contain. However, the analysis of time series produced by a monitoring network generally requires preprocessing steps to separate data with meaningful information from sensors’ dysfunctions or measurement particular conditions. In this context, outliers are already well studied and several methods are already developed to identify them. In this paper, we propose a complementary method to identify buffered data. Buffered data are characterized by a lower amplitude than the rest of the time series and can be naturally caused (groundwater influence for example) or caused by measurement defects (sensor covered by sediment movements). The necessity to identify buffered signals came with the use of data coming from several databases with different level of qualification. Buffered signals are not necessarily filtered with conventional preprocessing methods and can affect the analysis when not related to the studied phenomena. The identification method proposed in this study relies on a normalized diurnal range index. It was developed on surface river temperature time series recorded in metropolitan France to cover a wide variety of regional climates and measurement environments. The method is able to highlight buffered data inside a time series. Furthermore, it is able to separate (naturally caused or not) occasional or regular buffered signal periods in a time series. The study then uses preprocessed time series to analyze the distribution of regular buffered data according to the season of occurrence and a climate typology.