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Current Perspectives on Phytomedicines targeting Cancer Stem Cells
Mrunmayee Saraff
Rekha  Gahtori

Mrunmayee Saraff

and 7 more

January 15, 2021
Studies have established the presence of a small subpopulation of cells within tumor cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells have evidently been the reason for metastasis, chemotherapy or radiotherapy resistance and tumor relapses in several types of cancers. CSCs are prone to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in aggressive tumors. They modulate various pathways of molecular signaling, including Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch, thus increasing the stem-like characteristics. Elevated expression of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter efflux pump as well as suppression of apoptosis has also increased anti-cancer drug resistance. Plants are known to possess bioactive compounds that can modulate these key regulators and hence eliminate CSCs. This review aims to report and summarize preclinical studies about the effects of phytocompounds on CSCs of various tumors. Furthermore, clinical trials carried out for some of these phytoconstituents are reported. Thus, selectively targeting CSCs with plant extracts and herbal preparations may be a promising remedial strategy for cancer.
H2 effect in Cr/PNP-catalyzed ethylene tetramerization: a DFT study
FangqianYin
Tingchun Zhu

Fangqian Yin

and 3 more

January 15, 2021
It is well noticed that hydrogen promotes catalyst activity in Cr/PNP-catalyzed ethylene tetramerization, but the mechanism of this boost is unclear. A density functional theory (DFT) study devoted to exploring this effect was conducted, and conformation changes were carefully taken into consideration to build a clear reaction pathway. Three components in the catalytic cycle was examined in detail: the production of 1-hexene from the metallacycloheptane, the production of 1-octene from metallacyclononane, and the formation of active center on the catalyst. The result indicates that the formation of active center on the catalyst becomes more favorable upon imposition of hydrogen, where hydrogen function as a second ligand. This easing effect could be the key factor leading to the outperformed catalyst activity.
PRESSURE AND STRESS ANALYSIS OF LIQUID-FILLED CYLINDRICAL TANK
Kamila Kotrasova
Eva Kormanikova

Kamila Kotrasova

and 2 more

January 15, 2021
During earthquakes, the liquid-filled storage tank generates hydrodynamic pressures, in addition to hydrostatic pressure, on the solid domain of the tank. The theoretical background of hydrodynamic pressure analysis, as well as the numerical simulation of the liquid-filled cylindrical concrete tank, is the focus of this paper. The Finite Element Method (FEM) modeling, along with Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian and Fluid-Structure Interactions formulation, are used for simulating the seismic response of cylindrical concrete liquid-filled tank, fixed to the rigid foundation. The Loma Prieta accelerogram is utilized for recording the seismic ground motion. In the numerical study, two states are observed: 1) static condition where only hydrostatic pressure acts, and 2) seismic excitation where hydrodynamic pressure occurs. When exposed to an earthquake situation, the tank liquid gives the total pressure of the liquid domain. The dynamic analysis considers the pressure response of the liquid domain, as well as the stress response of the solid domain of the coupled system, i.e., liquid-filled cylindrical concrete tank.
The Wish I Had Known Document as a learning aid and workplace time-saver
Roger Burks

Roger Burks

January 15, 2021
The Wish I had Known Document (WIHK-D) helps you remember how you solved problems, and is meant to be written while you are learning something. It should be used and expanded while you are trying to apply what you learned.Helps you easily communicate basic solutions to other beginners.Helps you remember how you solved obscure issues.Should retain a learner's perspective.Keeps crucial how-to information in an easily perused location.Complements other documentation as a valuable occupational aid.Best constructed while you are learning, and reviewed by experts before using as teaching aids.Can be made with greater technological sophistication, but do not go overboard.Why do you need extra documents to tell beginners how to do obscure things? You need them because hours of work time are wasted when beginners become frustrated while trying and failing to perform non-intuitive operations. They may not remember how to do something, or they may have never known. Regardless, a lack of simple learning and memory aids can waste time and can become stressful for many employees in an organization, including you. What if you could help new users start with all the knowledge that you wish you had known back when you started learning the same thing? What if you could do this efficiently? What if your expert go-to employee could quickly point to a document providing easy answers for co-workers, instead of doing their work for them?The ongoing challenge of remembering, learning, and teaching is part of what inspires us to create protocols, manuals, training videos, FAQs, and so forth. However, these are not perfect solutions. Large documents can hide information rather than indicate it. Large paragraphs in these documents can give the impression that valuable information is not currently in view, which can add to an already-present feeling of frustration. Nobody has time to read everything and perfectly retain it before applying knowledge. Instead, we read most earnestly exactly when we need to know something. FAQs are supposed to address this need, but many FAQs are written before user feedback is received and are often not very helpful beyond initial installation of a program.How-to videos are a special case, similar to seminars, in that they can help the viewer feel confident while they are being viewed. However, many of us learn and retain knowledge by doing instead of watching. Once we follow up on the presented topic, we can be very much surprised to learn that we do not know how to do that much. Additionally, videos and seminars often seem to completely cover a topic, but we may easily overlook how important connected details and perspectives have been unintentionally omitted.A WIHK-D differs from the above alternatives in that it is a practical quick reference, meant to be used while doing something. A WIHK-D should be concise and easy to reference, and it should feel refreshing because it quickly provides a solution that you desperately wanted.A WIHK-D is not a replacement for other documentation. It is meant to be used in conjunction with the manuals, protocols, videos, and seminars that do the heavy lifting in learning skills. When we learn something simple that we wish we had known, we add it to our personal WIHK-D for the topic, or we add it to the organizational WIHK-D if we want to help others quickly reference the same thing.The format is intentionally simple: an introductory category if you wish ('I want to...'), followed by problems and solutions, tasks and protocols, or questions and answers. Each line is kept as simple as possible while being explanatory, with steps or related information clearly visually associated with the problem or question. Proper visual organization of teaching aids is highly important: visual consistency and implied logic through visuals can teach people who had previously found the topic too daunting. The more approachable the arrangement and format, the broader the potential audience. Quick reference in simple text is achieved through the relatively unsophisticated but well-known method of using the Find function (Ctrl-F or Cmd-F) to find a keyword associated with an issue. Here is a plain text WIHK-D document that I created while learning Adobe Illustrator, which has many features that are not immediately obvious. See further below for solutions that go beyond a flat text document.
A short survey on the common Doctrines Between the Bektashi order and Shi'a Islam
SeyedAmirHossein Asghari

SeyedAmirHossein Asghari

January 15, 2021
A document by SeyedAmirHossein Asghari, written on Authorea.
Prevalence of Medical Humanities Teaching in Medical Schools: Review of Curricula in...
Jeremy Howick
Lunan Zhao

Jeremy Howick

and 6 more

January 15, 2021
Rationale and Objectives Medical humanities are becoming increasingly popular, required, and recognized as positively impacting medical education and medical practice. However, the extent of medical humanities teaching in medical schools is largely unknown. We aimed to review medical school curricula in Canada, the UK, and the US. Our secondary objective was to compare the inclusion of medical humanities in the curricula with rankings of medical schools. Methods We searched the curriculum websites of all accredited medical schools in Canada, the UK, and the US to check which medical humanities topics were taught, and whether they were mandatory or optional. We then noted rankings both by Times Higher Education and U.S. News and World Report and calculated the average rank. We formally explored whether there was an association between average medical school ranking and medical humanities offerings using Spearman’s correlation and inverse variance weighting meta-analysis. Results We identified 18 accredited medical school programmes in Canada, 41 in the UK, and 156 in the US. Of these, 9 (56%) in Canada, 34 (73%) in the UK and 124 (79%) in the US offered at least one medical humanity that was not ethics. The most common medical humanities were Unspecified Medical Humanities, History, and Literature (Canada), Sociology and Social Medicine, Unspecified Medical Humanities, and Art (UK), and Unspecified Medical Humanities, Literature, and History (US). There was a negative relationship between the ranking of the medical school and whether they offered medical humanities. Conclusions The extent and content of medical humanities offerings at accredited medical schools in Canada, the UK, and the US varies. The quality of our analysis was limited by the data provided on the Universities’ curriculum websites. Given the potential for medical humanities to improve medical education and medical practice, this variation should be investigated further.
Mosaic desert pavement influences water infiltration and vegetation distribution on f...
Dejin Wang
Wenzhi Zhao

Dejin Wang

and 3 more

January 15, 2021
Desert pavements are critical for maintaining ecological stability and promoting near-surface hydrological cycle in arid regions. However, few studies have reported the desert pavements on ecological on fluvial fans. Although desert pavement surfaces appear to be barren and flat, we found that the surfaces were featured by mosaic pattern of desert pavement (DP) and bare ground (BG). In this study, we investigated the effects of mosaic DP on water infiltration and vegetation distribution at six sites (i.e. one on the hillside and five in the sectors of fluvial fans) along a southwest belt transect on the fluvial fans in the Northern Linze County, in the middle of Hexi Corridor. The results showed that significant differences of Mosaic DP between hillside and sectors of fans were found in pavement thickness, thickness of vesicular horizon (Av thickness), particle composition and bulk density, rather than soil moisture content (SMC), gravel coverage and surface gravel size. The mosaic DP can inhibit water infiltration by pavement layer, where the sorptivity (S), initial infiltration rate (iint) and steady- state infiltration rate (isat) and infiltration time (T) averaged 1.30 cm/min-0.5, 5.03 cm/min, 0.23 cm/min, and 12.76 min respectively. If pavement layer was scalped, the S, iint and isat increased by 0.75 cm/min-0.5, 2.90 cm/min and 0.13 cm/min, respectively, and the T was shortened by 5.34 min. Water infiltration was mainly controlled by the pavement layer thickness (+), Av thickness (-), surface gravel coverage (-), and fine earth (+) and fine gravel (-) of pavement layer. Mosaic DP grew less shrubs than mosaic BG where distributed plenty of herbs. It can be concluded that desert pavements can keep vegetation stability by self-regulating rainfall. This study would deepen our understanding of the eco-hydrological cycle of pavement landscape in arid regions.
Emerging trends about uncertainty in hydrologic modeling and water resources manageme...
Congcong Li
Bowen Li

Congcong Li

and 5 more

January 15, 2021
Water resources management is a challenging task caused by huge uncertainties and complexities in hydrological processes and human activities. Over the last three decades, various scholars have carried out the study on hydrological simulation under complex conditions, and quantitatively characterize the associated uncertainties for water resources systems. To keep abreast of the development of collective knowledge in this field, a scientometric review and metasynthesis of the existing uncertainty analysis research for supporting hydrological modeling and water resources management is conducted. A total of 2,020 publications from 1991 to 2018 were acquired from Web of Science. The scientific structure, cooperation, and frontiers of the related domain were explored by the science mapping software of CiteSpace. Through co-citation, collaboration, and co-occurrence network study, the results present the leading contributors among all countries and hotspots in the research domain. Besides, synthetical uncertainty management for hydrological models and water resource systems under climatic and land use change will continue to be focused on.
A SARS-CoV-2 overview for people in a hurry
Sylvester Jian Ming Lim

Sylvester Jian Ming Lim

and 1 more

January 15, 2021
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiologic agent of the current COVID-19 pandemic which has wreaked unprecedented economic and healthcare calamity. It is a deadly virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, with high sequence similarity to the 2003 SARS epidemic coronavirus. The global race to produce vaccines to stem the disease-as well as the public health urgency-has spurred tremendous growth in the litany of literature which attempts to uncover the enigma of this deadly virus. Amidst this evergrowing list of literature , this paper seeks to concisely elaborate on key progresses made in the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in the realms of its life cycle, epidemiology, methods for detection, and vaccine research into an easily assimilable paper for readers.
Characterization of temporal electrical activity patterns for detection of critical i...
Nadine Vonderlin
Johannes Siebermair

Nadine Vonderlin

and 9 more

January 14, 2021
Introduction Identifying the critical isthmus region (CIR) of complex atrial tachycardias (AT) is challenging. The Lumipoint® (LP) software, developed for the Rhythmia® mapping system, aims to facilitate successful termination of ATs by identifying the CIR. Objective Objective of this study was to evaluate specificity and sensitivity of LP regarding arrhythmia-relevant CIR detection in patients with atypical-atrial-flutter (AAF). Methods In this retrospective analysis we analyzed 57 AAF-forms. Electrical activity (EA) was mapped over tachycardia cycle length resulting in 2-dimensional EA pattern. The hypothesis was that an EA minimum suggests a potential CIR with slow-conduction-zone. Results A total of n=33 patients were included. LP-algorithm identified a mean of 2.4 EA minima and 4.4 suggested CIRs per AAF-form. Overall, we observed a low specificity with 12.3% but a high sensitivity of 98.2%. Detailed EA analysis revealed that depth (≤20%) and width (>50ms) of EA minima were the best predictors of relevant CIRs. Wide minima occurred rarely (17.5%), while low minima were more frequently present (75.4%). Minima with a depth of EA≤20% showed the best sensitivity and specificity overall (95% and 60%, respectively). Analysis in recurrent ablations in 5 patients presenting de-novo AAF revealed that the CIR of de-novo AAF was already detected by LP during the index procedure. Conclusion The LP algorithm provides an excellent sensitivity (98.2%), but poor specificity (12.3%) to detect the CIR in AAF. Specificity improved by preselection of the lowest and widest EA minima. In addition, there might be role of initial bystander CIRs becoming relevant for future AAFs
Biotechnological production of the European corn borer sex pheromone in the yeast Yar...
Karolis Petkevicius
Eleni Koutsoumpeli

Karolis Petkevicius

and 15 more

January 14, 2021
The European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis is a widespread pest of cereals. Mating disruption with the sex pheromone is a potentially attractive method for managing this pest. The goal of this study was to develop a biotechnological method for the production of ECB sex pheromone. Our approach was to engineer the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to produce (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11-14:OH), which can be chemically acetylated to (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc), the main pheromone component of the Z-race of O. nubilalis. Fatty acyl-CoA desaturases (FAD) and fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FAR) from nine different species of Lepidoptera were screened individually and in combinations. A titer of 29.2±1.6 mg/L Z11-14:OH was reached in small-scale cultivation with an optimal combination of a FAD (Lbo_PPTQ) from Lobesia botrana and FAR (HarFAR) from Helicoverpa armigera. When the second copies of FAD and FAR genes were introduced, the titer improved 2.1-fold. The native FAS1 gene’s overexpression led to a further 1.5-fold titer increase. When the same engineered strain was cultivated in controlled 1 L bioreactors in fed-batch mode, 188.1±13.4 mg/L of Z11-14:OH was obtained. Fatty alcohols were chemically acetylated to obtain Z11-14:OAc. Electroantennogram experiments showed that males of the Z-race of O. nubilalis were responsive to biologically-derived pheromone blend. Behavioral bioassays in a wind tunnel revealed attraction of male O. nubilalis at a level similar to that of the chemically synthesized pheromone used as a control, although full precopulatory behavior was observed less often. The study paves the way for the production of ECB pheromone by fermentation.
Prediction of Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Patients Treated with R-CHOP Regimens...
Yi-Hui Shen
Hui Zhang

Yi-Hui Shen

and 7 more

January 14, 2021
Background: Patients treated for lymphoma are at risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) were reported for predicting cardiovascular adverse events in patients treated with doxorubicin. However, the prognostic value of RV ejection fraction by 3D transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) have not been elucidated yet. We hypothesized that RV echocardiography parameters increases the sensitivity for predicting the later CAE. Methods: In this retrospective study, ninety-six patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with normal cardiac function treated with R-CHOP regimen were studied between January 2013 and January 2015 by 3D TTE. Basic demographic data, oncology and echocardiography parameters were measured. The main outcomes were the proportion of patients with grade 3–4 cardiovascular adverse events (CAE). The association of pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy echocardiography parameters with CAEs was analyzed using proportional hazard analysis. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 6.1 years (range, 4.9-7.6 years) after the completion of chemotherapy, 18 of 96 patients (19%) experienced CAEs. Univariate predictors of CAE (P < .05) were LVGLS, LVGCS, RVEF, and RVESV. Multivariate analysis of all significant univariate variables showed that RVEF (hazard ratio, 0.848; 95% confidence interval,0.785–0.916; P < .001) were significantly and independently associated with CAE. Stepwise analysis of the multivariate associations showed an increase in the global x2 value after adding LVEF (P < .001) to significant clinical variables. Conclusion: LVGLS and RVEF were significantly and independently associated with CAE in patients. Adding RVEF to other clinical variables provided incremental prognostic information.
Review: "Interactive Supercomputing with Jupyter: Lessons Learned from the National E...
John Shalf

John Shalf

January 14, 2021
This is a review of the article "Interactive Supercomputing with Jupyter: Lessons Learned from the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center," for the Leadership Computing department of Computing in Science and Engineering. The article was invited to complement a Special Issue on "Jupyter in Computational Science."CommentsIn the abstract, the last sentence capitalizes "Jupyter Project" but then later says "engage with the Project".  I think the second project should be lower case or you could have a capital "Jupyter", but project should not be capitalized.  Given this is the "leadership computing" column, could you also put in a connection between the scalability of leadership computing to enable the interactive computing with Jupyter?  It is talking about this indirectly, but it would be nice to make that more explicit and up-front for the "leadership computing" column.In section 1, it ends with the following sentence "Efforts to support Jupyter at NERSC began in the context of a tectonic shift in user workload driven by the explosion of data from..."  This is a bit of a mouthful of a sentence.  Can you break it into more bitesized pieces?Maybe put second paragraph that introduces NERSC into the "how it started and how it's going" section (seems to interrupt the flow between paragraph 1 and paragraph 3).It would be nice to mention that the inventor of Jupyter notebooks and JupyterHub is in-house.  Was there any recognition by him about these emerging use-cases that led him to develop JupyterHub as a new deployment mechanism (JupyterHub didn't just appear... I think there was likely some motivation that led to its development to serve this emerging community??)  So it would be nice if the story of how you came to deploy JupyterHub seemed more purposeful and driven by emerging community needs.  I think there is a background story there from Fernando's perspective that would show how the community needs drove to the Hub's creation. (its outside of NERSC, but it is inside of UCB/LBL).  It would show how research and deployment at NERSC work together.In the Phase 3 discussion, the JupyterLab comes out of the blue.  Is there some experience at NERSC or other data centers that fed into the design of JupyterLab?  Should JupyterLab be the centerpiece of your Phase3 deployment?  It seems to deserve its own phase (phase 4 or be the centerpiece of phase 3).There is a lot of good discussion of the technical details of the deployment of Jupyter, which is interesting.  It would be nice if you had more descriptions of the many different use cases and scientific activity that has been enabled by this infrastructure (opportunity for more pretty pictures and scientific impact).  I would recommend even making your "lessons learned" section more compact and use the space to describe cool science projects that benefit from this infrastructure and talk more about the scientific impact of this new paradigm of HPC access.
Expanding forests in alpine regions: space-for-time indicates a corresponding shift i...
Lea-Rebekka Tonjer
Ella Thoen

Lea-Rebekka Tonjer

and 7 more

January 14, 2021
Climate change causes upward shift of forest lines worldwide, with consequences on soil biota and carbon (C). Using a space-for-time approach, we analyse compositional changes in the soil biota across the forest line ecotone, an important transition zone between different ecosystems. We collected soil samples along transects stretching from subalpine mountain birch forests to low-alpine vegetation. Soil fungi and micro-eukaryotes were surveyed using DNA metabarcoding of the 18S and ITS2 markers, while ergosterol was used to quantify fungal biomass. We observed a strong shift in the soil biota across the forest line ecotone: Below the forest line, there were higher proportions of basidiomycetes and mucoromycetes, including ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Above, we observed relatively more root-associated ascomycetes, including Archaeorhizomycetes, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Ergosterol and percentage C content in soil strongly and positively correlated with the abundance of root-associated ascomycetes. The predominance of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi below the forest line likely promote high C turnover, while root-associated ascomycetes above the forest line may enhance C sequestration. With further rise in forest lines, there will be a corresponding shift in the belowground biota linked to C sequestration processes.
Treatment of fracture dislocation of the femoral head using safe surgical hip disloca...
Paa BAIDOO
Kwasi Twumasi-Baah Jnr

Paa BAIDOO

and 5 more

January 14, 2021
We report the clinical and radiological outcomes of a 30-year-old female with femoral head fracture following a posterior hip dislocation. The patient was managed using safe surgical hip dislocation and reviewed the literature on Pipkin type I fractures.
Negative Theology; A Comparative Study on Ibn Arabi and Eckhart
Hossein  Shaqaqi

Hossein Shaqaqi

January 14, 2021
A document by Hossein Shaqaqi, written on Authorea.
Tension Orbit secondary to a carious primary molar- A case report.
Mehul Jaisani
Ashok Dongol

Mehul Jaisani

and 10 more

January 14, 2021
In this case report we present a case of a eight years old boy who presented with progressive orbital cellulitis causing endangered vision secondary to carious primary maxillary molar. The patient was appropriately managed with intravenous antibiotics, steroids and surgical decompression. Significant morbidity was overcome by multi-specialty team approach.
Evaluation Of Laryngeal Vascular Changes With Image1 S Enhancement System In Referenc...
Sibel Yıldırım
Tarık Küçük

Sibel Yıldırım

and 5 more

January 14, 2021
Objectives: To assess the feasibility of using Image1 S™ endoscopic enhancement system for discrimination of the vascular patterns in laryngeal lesions. Design: Forty patients presenting with benign, dysplastic and malign laryngeal lesions were examined with Image1 S system. The vascular patterns were classified by a group of the authors/ according to the ELS guideline, as perpendicular or longitudinal, in all lesions. Endoscopic images of the vascular patterns are evaluated through an online survey by a group of otolaryngologists with different levels of clinical expertise. The qualitative evaluation of the vascular patterns in two groups were compared to investigate the consistency. The relationship between the vascular patterns and the pathological results was statistically analyzed. Results: Eleven patient presented with benign, 13 patients with dysplastic and 16 patients with malignant pathology. The vascular patterns were longitudinal in 9 lesions, perpendicular in 28 lesions and undetectable in 3 lesions. The relevance between the vascularization pattern and the pathological diagnosis was found to be significant (χ2= 20.30, p < 0,001). The qualitative evaluation of the vascular patterns by the two groups of observers was significantly close to each other (=0.63). The survey also showed that spectral modes producing high contrast images were preferred by 81,9% of the participants over white light images. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness and feasibility of Image1 S endoscopic enhancement system to predict the diagnosis from vascular changes in laryngeal lesions.
Indoor exposure to airborne PAHs: A comparison of stir bar sorptive extraction and pu...
Roland Becker
Lisa Heyn

Roland Becker

and 2 more

January 14, 2021
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) was compared with standardized pump sampling regarding the prospects to assess airborne levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor environments. A historic railway water tower, which will be preserved aa technical monument for museum purposes, was sampled with both approaches because built-in insulation material was suspected to release PAHs to the indoor air. The 16 PAH on the US EPA list were quantified using gas chromatography with mass selection detection in filters from pump sampling after solvent extraction and on SBSE devices after thermal desorption. SBSE was seen to sample detectable PAH masses with excellent repeatability and a congener pattern largely similar to that observed with pump sampling. Congener patterns were however significantly different from that in the PAH source because release from the insulation material is largely triggered by the respective congener vapor pressures. Absolute masses in the ng range sampled by SBSE corresponded to airborne concentrations in the ng L -1 range determined by pump sampling. Principle differences between SBSE and pump sampling as well as prospects of SBSE as cost-effective and versatile complement of pump sampling are discussed.
Reprogram Frozen Embryo Transfers to Allow For a More “Natural” Approach
Bruce Pier
Logan Havemann

Bruce Pier

and 2 more

January 14, 2021
Reprogram Frozen Embryo Transfers to Allow For a More “Natural” Approach
Evaluation of the PRE-DELIRIC (PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients) delirium predi...
Samet Sayılan
Volkan Ozen

Samet Sayılan

and 3 more

January 14, 2021
Purpose: This methodological study was aimed to the Turkish adaptation and validation of the “PRE-DELIRIC Score” delirium prediction model in patients hospitalized in the ICU. Method: The study was conducted with patients who were treated in the ICUs of a training and research hospital between October 2019 and April 2020. The data were collected with (1) the Data Collection Form for the Descriptive Characteristics of the Subjects, (2) the PRE-DELIRIC Score, and (3) the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). The ROC analysis and diagnosis screening tests were used to determine the cut-off point according to the groups. The sensitivity and specificity characteristic of the score were calculated. Significance was evaluated at the p<0.05 level. Results: The study was completed with 172 patients. A statistically significant relationship was found between the cut-off point obtained for the PRE-DELIRIC Score (≥7.58%) and the groups (p= 0.003). The risk of being CAM-ICU positive was 7.404 times higher in patients with a PRE-DELIRIC Score of 7.58 or more (OR:7.404; 95% CI:1.638-33.469). Conclusion: The PRE-DELIRIC Score was evaluated in this study and the PRE-DELIRIC Score was found to be easy to administer with reliable results.
EVALUATION OF THE INFECTION AWARENESS OF DENTISTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
SANAZ SADRY
Zeynep Sapan

SANAZ SADRY

and 1 more

January 14, 2021
Background: The present study aims to investigate the state of sterilization, disinfection and infection control of dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study involved 310 dentists, who were asked to fill in a 19-question, multiple-choice survey on sterilization, disinfection and infection control. The survey results were evaluated statistically using chi-square test. Results: An investigation of the changes in working conditions and occupational experience during the pandemic period showed that 86.7% of the physicians who quit are the ones with occupational experience of 0 to 6 years. 89.3% of the physicians who answered “No idea” to the question about sterilization methods consist of physicians with over 20 years of experience, while 7.1% of them are physicians with 6-10 years of experience. Conclusion: Dentistry is the highest risk profession in the COVID-19 pandemic. And dentists need to reduce this risk by utilizing personal protective equipment and adopting the most appropriate disinfection and sterilization measures. Key Words: Disinfection, dentistry, sterilization.
Numerical Solution of Schrodinger Equation for Rotating Morse Potential using Matrix...
Aditi Sharma
O S K Sastri

Aditi sharma

and 1 more

January 14, 2021
In this paper, an elegant and easy to implement numerical method using matrix mechanics approach is proposed, to solve the time independent Schrodinger equation (TISE) for Morse potential. It is specifically applied to non-homogeneous diatomic molecule HCl to obtain its rotating-vibrator spectrum. While matrix diagonalization technique is utilised for solving TISE, model parameters for Morse potential are optimized using variational Monte-Carlo (VMC) approach by minimizing χ 2 − value. Thus, validation with experimental vibrational frequencies is completely numerical based with no recourse to analytical solutions. The ro-vibrational spectra of HCl molecule obtained using the optimized parameters through VMC have resulted in least χ 2 − value as compared to those determined using best parameters from multiple regression analysis of analytical expressions. Numerical algorithm for solving the Hamiltonian matrix has been implemented utilizing Free Open Source Software (FOSS) Scilab and simulation results are matching well with those obtained using analytical solutions from Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method and asymptotic iteration method (AIM).
Ethanol resistance in Drosophila melanogaster has increased in parallel cold-adapted...
Quentin Sprengelmeyer
John E Pool

Quentin Sprengelmeyer

and 1 more

January 14, 2021
Understanding the genetic properties of adaptive trait evolution is a fundamental crux of biological inquiry that links molecular processes to biological diversity. Important uncertainties persist regarding the genetic predictability of adaptive trait change, the role of standing variation, and whether adaptation tends to result in the fixation of favored variants. Here, we use the recurrent evolution of enhanced ethanol resistance in Drosophila melanogaster during this species' worldwide expansion as a promising system to add to our understanding of the genetics of adaptation. We find that elevated ethanol resistance has evolved at least three times in different cooler regions of the species' modern range - not only at high latitude but also in two African high altitude regions - and that ethanol and cold resistance may have a partially shared genetic basis. Applying a bulk segregant mapping framework, we find that the genetic architecture of ethanol resistance evolution differs substantially not only between our three resistant populations, but also between two crosses involving the same European population. We then apply population genetic scans for local adaptation within our quantitative trait locus regions, and we find potential contributions of genes with annotated roles in spindle localization, membrane composition, sterol and alcohol metabolism, and other processes. We also apply simulation-based analyses that confirm the variable genetic basis of ethanol resistance and hint at a moderately polygenic architecture. However, these simulations indicate that larger-scale studies will be needed to more clearly quantify the genetic architecture of adaptive evolution, and to firmly connect trait evolution to specific causative loci.
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