Cyclopenta[b]benzopyran derivatives are a unique class of natural products known for their exceptional bioactivities. To obtain these targeted compounds from Aglaia testicularis, LC-MS/MS-guided isolation was employed, resulting in the identification of 18 cyclo-penta[b]benzopyran derivatives and 10 limonoids. Five new flavagline derivatives (1–5) and five new limonoids (6–10) were identified via spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and X-ray crystallography. 9 Compounds exhibited more potential cytotoxic activity on three tumor cells (HEL, HCT-116, and COLO 320DM) with IC50 values of 3 nM to 930 nM than adriamycin. 16 Compounds exhibited better anti-dengue virus 2 activities with selectivity index values of 12.95 to 532.56, than ribavi-rin. Further mechanistic studies indicate that compound 11 functions as an eIF4E activator, suppressing the expression of the E pro-tein and leading to significant anti-dengue virus type 2 activity. Docking study implied the possible recognition mechanism between 11 and eIF4E.

Stimulus-responsive functional materials show broad applications in the fields of sensing, optical switching and energy conversion devices. Herein, a one-dimensional chain compound constructed from the electron-deficient rigid polypyridine ligand 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine and electron-rich sulfate was successfully synthesized with reversibly electron transferred photochromic and photoluminescent behaviors. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) active behavior studies showed that the compound exhibit photomodulation of nonlinear optical property with an impressive high SHG-switching contrast (ca. 6 times) before and after light irradiation. Furthermore, this compound exhibited selectively vapochromic behavior in response to different amines, allowing its application in the visual recognition detector for specific amines. Based on the photochromic and photoluminescent property, applications in inkless printing and information encryption were successfully demonstrated. This work shows a facile way to obtain sulfate-based compounds with stimulus-responsive multifunctions, expanding the repertoire of multifaceted chromic materials for advanced visual chromic sensors.

Pulmonary Hemorrhage as a Rare Complication of Leptospirosis: A Case ReportMasomeh BayaniInfectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranCorrespondence: Masomeh Bayani, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Laser Therapy with Ozone in Managing Cyanosis-Associated Necrotic Wounds and Thrombocytosis: A Case Report and Treatment ApproachMostafa Javanian1, Rezvan Hosseinzadeh2, Mohammad Barary3, Dariush Hosseinzadeh4, *, Soheil Ebrahimpour1, *Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranStudent Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranStudent Research Committee, School of Medical Education and Learning Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy

Background: the pandemic of COVID-19 have forced the health system to incorporate many antiviral drugs to the medical field applications. The urgent need for a safe and effective treatment has encouraged the researchers to initiate clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of many drugs targeting virus. Aim: This trial compared the effectiveness of the combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin and [ivermectin](https://www.drugs.com/mtm/ivermectin.html) plus Zinc vs. those receiving remdesivir or favipiravir treatment. Subject and Methods: This non-randomized controlled trial included 108 hospitalized patients receive treatment classified into 3 groups NRIZ group, favipiravir group, and remdesivir group. all of them confirmed case by positive RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swab. Results: this trial shows that there are no statistical differences among the 3 groups as regard age, sex, Severity, Comorbidities, mode of O2 intake and outcome except for the length of stay at hospital was lower in NIRZ group in Pairwise comparison between NRIZ group vs. Remdesivir group (P 0.03). Conclusion: This trial concluded that NRIZ combination therapy not inferior to neither favipiravir nor remdesivir.

Increasing demand for recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene therapies necessitates increased manufacturing production. Transient transfection of mammalian cells remains the most commonly used method to produce clinical-grade rAAVs due to its ease of implementation. However, transient transfection processes are often characterized by sub-optimal yields and low fractions of full-to-total capsids, both of which contribute to the high cost of goods of many rAAV-based gene therapies. Our previously developed mechanistic model for rAAV2/5 production indicated that the inadequate capsid filling is due to a temporal misalignment between viral DNA replication and capsid synthesis within the cells and the repression of later phase capsid formation by Rep proteins. We experimentally validated this prediction and showed that performing multiple, time-separated doses of plasmid increases the production of rAAV. In this study, we use the insights generated by our mechanistic model to develop an intensified process for rAAV production that combines continuous perfusion with high cell density re-transfection. We demonstrate that performing multiple, time-separated doses at high cell density boosts both cell-specific and volumetric productivity and improves plasmid utilization when compared to a single bolus at standard operating conditions. Our results establish a new paradigm for continuously manufacturing rAAV via transient transfection that improves productivity and reduces manufacturing costs.

In today’s competitive telecommunications industry, efficiency is essential to meet customer demands while maintaining profitability. Telecom companies, with their vast and complex supply chains, are particularly susceptible to inefficiencies that increase costs, waste time, and ultimately, degrade service quality. Many telecoms, like ATGhana, are adopting Lean Six Sigma methodologies to combat these challenges. This article explores how a telecom company identified and addressed the eight wastes (DOWNTIME) in its supply chain, optimizing operations for better performance.

In the rapidly evolving telecommunications landscape, efficiency, innovation, and customer satisfaction are crucial for maintaining a competitive edge. ATGhana, like its global counterparts, faces challenges in optimizing processes, reducing waste, and consistently delivering value. This article explores how Lean management principles can provide ATGhana with a strategic advantage by enhancing operational efficiency, minimizing costs, and improving service delivery.

The Data driven structure learning algorithm and the LASSO-VAR model were used to construct a time-varying dynamic Bayesian complex network model comprising high-dimensional continuous variables, to identify and warning systemic risk. The findings indicate that the financial industry achieved an average ODC of over 58% in the early stages of the global financial crisis, demonstrating the strongest risk spillover effect. The process of systemic risk contagion is manifested as a linkage process of internal industry diffusion to inter-industry diffusion, and key risk nodes can be identified in the early stages. The real estate industry is a source of financial system risk is verified through sensitivity analysis to validate the dynamic Bayesian complex network model of high-dimensional continuous variables. The model can identify and warn institutional level system risks in the early stages of risk outbreaks, and it helps to manage and control system risks in the early stages of crises.

The scourge of galamsey , or illegal small-scale mining, has long plagued Ghana, causing widespread environmental degradation, health risks, and severe economic losses. Despite multiple government interventions and crackdowns, galamsey activities persist, primarily due to deep-rooted socio-economic factors, weak enforcement, and systemic corruption. This illegal mining practice has caused irreversible damage to the environment, poisoning rivers and farmlands, while also threatening public health with the use of dangerous chemicals like mercury.In this article, we will explore how Lean Six Sigma, a proven methodology for improving processes and reducing inefficiencies, could offer a sustainable and effective approach to solving the galamsey crisis.

The study of functional diversity has been gaining increasing prominence in Ecology, as a way of evaluating how the species traits affect ecosystem processes. Several empirical studies indicate a strong relationship between trait diversity and ecosystem attributes, and high values of functional diversity are an indication of the robustness of a given ecosystem. However, there are important theoretical differences between the studies that evaluated these relationships, which lead to relevant methodological differences. Here we will discuss the need to choose response and effect traits in a theoretically-sound manner, arguing for their choice based on their functional contribution to ecosystem process as conceived by the organizational theory of ecological functions. From this perspective, the contribution of effect traits to the organizational closure of an ecological system can provide a fundamental criterion for their choice in empirical studies. Similarly, we point out criteria for choosing response traits. Furthermore, we will argue that the new mechanistic philosophy of science can be used in studies of functional diversity as a way to robustly establish cause and effect relationships in empirical studies. Finally, we will model an example of the application of the approach proposed in the paper in pollination ecology, indicating its heuristic potential for empirical studies.

The future of energy storage systems requires high energy and power capabilities, particularly for electronics and electric vehicles. This study presents copper tungstate (CuWO4) nanocrystals synthesized via a coprecipitation method and post-heat-treated at 500 ºC for 2 hours. X-ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinement data showed that the CuWO4 nanocrystals are monophasic with a triclinic structure, featuring distorted octahedral [CuO6] and [WO6] clusters. Spectroscopic analyses, including micro-Raman and Fourier transform infrared, identified multiple vibrational modes, while X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Cu 2p, W 4f, and O 1s electronic states. Optical bandgap measurements showed an energy value of 2.48 eV. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the formation of aggregated, quasi-spherical nanocrystals. The Ni-foam|CuWO4 electrode present a high specific capacitance of 954.6 Fg-1 at 0.3 Ag-1 at 1240.1 Fg-1 at 5 mVs-1 measure through by galvanostatic chargedischarge and cyclic voltammetry and retention close to 97% after 5,000 cycles. Finally, Nyquist plots were obtained, and a good capacity of mass transport can be retained well after 5,000 cycles with the typical behavior of intrinsic ohmic and charge transfer resistances. The Ragone plots were obtained, showcasing impressive parameters of power density and energy density, with maximum values of 809.9 WKg-1 and 96.66 WhKg-1, respectively.

Ransomware attacks continue to pose a significant threat to cybersecurity, with increasingly sophisticated variants evading traditional detection methods. A novel dual-layer clustering approach has been developed that integrates both opcode similarity and network traffic behavior, providing a more accurate and comprehensive framework for ransomware classification. The method leverages static code analysis and dynamic network monitoring to improve detection, effectively capturing both structural and behavioral traits of ransomware samples. Through this dual-layer analysis, the system achieves enhanced classification accuracy, outperforming single-dimensional methods in identifying known and emerging ransomware variants. The results demonstrate the scalability and robustness of the approach, making it particularly suitable for automated malware analysis systems and large-scale cybersecurity frameworks. The findings suggest practical applications in security operation centers, where rapid and reliable ransomware detection is crucial for preventing widespread damage.

Efficient pre-training of massive neural architectures remains a critical challenge due to the high computational cost and resource demand, particularly when processing extensive datasets with increasingly complex models. The introduction of small token initialization provides a novel approach that reduces the dimensionality of token embeddings during early training, thereby accelerating training times while minimizing memory and energy consumption. This method leverages reduced token sizes at the onset of training, which incrementally expand as the model learns more complex representations, maintaining competitive accuracy levels throughout the process. Experimental results demonstrated that models initialized with smaller tokens required significantly fewer floating-point operations, reduced memory overhead, and achieved faster convergence compared to traditional initialization techniques. The analysis also revealed that the token expansion process allowed the model to retain high performance in terms of perplexity, token coverage, and generalization on downstream tasks. Ultimately, small token initialization offers a scalable, resource-efficient alternative for pre-training large-scale models without sacrificing performance, making it a compelling option for both academic research and practical applications where computational efficiency is paramount.

The idea of preparation a water-soluble Pt-containing AIEgen successfully realized by direct RAFT copolymerization of a Pt(II) complex ( LPtPV) containing a vinyl group and polyvinylpyrrolidone ( p(VP)). The resulting block-copolymer p(VP-b-LPtPV) containing 5-8 Pt(II) chromophores exhibits intriguing photophysical properties - strong solvent and concentration dependence of absorption and emission characteristics. Various physicochemical and analytical methods (NMR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, ESI-MS, AUC, DLS, ICP-OES, GPC, viscometry, TEM) were used to characterize the initial complex, its binuclear analogues, p(VP) and p(VP-b-LPtPV). The obtained data indicate that the photophysical properties of the latter are dictated by the type of aggregation process rather than solvatochromic effects. It is shown that at low concentration in organic solvents the platinum chromophores aggregation is either absent (DMF) or occurs predominantly at intramolecular level (MeCN), whereas in aqueous media p(VP-b-LPtPV) readily aggregates into micellar-type nanoparticles with a hydrophilic p(VP) corona and a hydrophobic Pt-containing core, in which strong intra- and intermolecular Pt···Pt and/or π···π interactions result in a significant redshift of absorption and emission down to 600 nm and 816 nm, respectively. Despite of emission shift into NIR area where it is commonly quenched by nonradiative vibrational relaxation increase in emission quantum yield occurs in complete agreement with typical features of AIE emitters. Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations of aggregation processes also confirm the trends in the relationship between aggregation mode and photophysical behavior, particularly, in the variations of energy gaps between the ground state of the AIEgens and their excited singlet and triplet states.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), is currently disseminating in multiple countries causing an economic devastation of livestock industries. Affecting principally cattle and in a second extent water buffaloes, this transboundary disease is characterized by the development of multiple skin nodules in all parts of the animal body. These signs with fever and lymphadenitis are the most common and with high rates of morbidity and low morbidity. The disease is caused by a DNA virus of the Poxivridae family LSD virus (LSDV). It is mainly transmitted through arthropods (mosquitoes, sand flies, ticks) although the direct route of transmission is possible. Algeria was until recently free of the disease. However, since June 2024, the country is facing a real threat consisting of the emergence of multiple outbreak of LSD in different departments. To deal with this new situation, the national veterinary authorities have adopted multiple preventive measures including movement restrictions, isolation, disinfection an desinsectisation and the lunching of vaccination campaigns in the accepted departments. This manuscript provide information regarding the situation of LSD in Algeria, and propose some preventive measures that should be applied in a newly affected country.

Introduction: Substernal extravascular defibrillators (EV ICDs) have been shown to be effective and safe for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death, however, there is little evidence around the safety of extracting chronic devices. Methods and Results: We present a 50-year-old patient in whom a Medtronic EV ICD system was successfully removed without specialist extraction tools, 186 weeks after implantation, by an operator experienced in transvenous lead extraction but without formal training in EVICD implantation. Conclusion: The successful extraction of an EV ICD system is possible without specialised tools at least 3.6 years post-implant.

Identifying Lean Wastes in the Ghana Telecom IndustryImplementing Lean Six Sigma principles to identify the eight types of waste in the Ghana telecom industry, particularly at MTN GHANA, can enhance operational efficiency. The ”8 wastes” in Lean methodology are as follows:Defects : Issues like poor network quality, dropped calls, and inaccurate billing can lead to customer complaints and increased churn.Overproduction : Excessive production of SIM cards or services, often without adequate demand forecasting, can result in unnecessary costs.Waiting : Delays in network upgrades or customer service requests may manifest as long hold times or extended waits for technical assistance.Non-utilized Talent : Underutilization of staff skills can be addressed by providing training and delegating responsibilities that match their abilities.Transportation : Inefficient transport of network equipment or SIM cards can lead to increased time and costs.Inventory : Holding excessive stocks of telecom equipment due to poor demand planning can incur costs and waste resources.Motion : Unnecessary movement of employees or resources, such as technicians traveling long distances for minor tasks, can be minimized.Extra-processing : Streamlining customer onboarding processes by eliminating redundant paperwork can reduce errors and save time.Addressing these areas presents an opportunity for MTN GHANA to reduce costs, enhance service delivery, and improve customer satisfaction.

Note: All electrochemical nano biosensors that have a molecular base depend on a very specific system to detect or track their target molecule. The importance of an electrochemical nanobiosensor is to provide a suitable support for connecting the target molecule to the probe and creating an electrical signal that can be measured and read.In the building of electrochemical biosensors, the minimum parts that are used in a biosensor are: molecular recognition layer and signal transducer which can be connected to a measuring device (device readout) of these signals. DNA is usually a suitable tool as a biosensor because the base pairing reaction between complementary sequences is both specific and stable. In this case, single-stranded probe DNA is immobilized on the detection layer, and then the target DNA reacts with the probe on the surface by pairing. The repetitiveness and unity of DNA structures makes their accumulation on the surface very specific. It is on  this surface that the target DNA is taken and the signal is created. Therefore, it is important to immobilize the nucleic acid of the probe while  maintaining its initial adhesion strength to detect the target DNA. But how this  diagnostic process is measured depends on the method of signal transduction, which may  be optical, mechanical, or electrochemical. Optical bisensors that work based on fluorescence light have some characteristics. These types of biosensors are sensitive to molecules per square centimeter. They consist of 7 rows, so that their detection limit  is almost made of thousands of probes.

In the domain of continuous control, deep reinforcement learning (DRL) demonstrates promising results. However, the dependence of DRL on deep neural networks (DNNs) results in the demand for extensive data and increased computational complexity. To address this issue, a novel hybrid architecture for actor-critic reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms is introduced. The proposed architecture integrates the broad learning system (BLS) with DNN, aiming to merge the strengths of both distinct architectural paradigms. Specifically, the critic network is implemented using BLS, while the actor network is constructed with a DNN. For the estimations of the critic network parameters, ridge regression is employed, and the parameters of the actor network are optimized through gradient descent. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by applying it to two classic continuous control tasks, and its performance is compared with the widely recognized deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm is superior to the DDPG algorithm in terms of computational efficiency, along with an accelerated learning trajectory. Application of the proposed algorithm in other actor-critic RL algorithms is suggested for investigation in future studies.

Note: Since nano antennas have the ability to absorb a wide angle, even in the case of oblique solar radiation to the surface of the solar panel, their efficiency is up to a significant limit is maintained. This system can also transmit the energy radiated from the earth or the terrestrial radiation that is caused by the sun's daily radiation to the earth's surface and in wavelengths <10 micrometers. /span> , i.e. absorb frequencies around 90 terahertz.That's why the reason for the nano antennas of the solar rectna system is to collect these radiations duringat night or in bad weather conditions. can generate electrical energy. Currently, the diode and antenna structures used in solar rectenna using They are made by electronic sketching method. Although this construction method is expensive and time-consuming to produce in laboratory and research scales, but if these structures are produced in a large volume and with the appropriate method , they reduce the cost and speed in the manufacturing process. The surface of the nano-antenna is created, and as a result, a voltage is produced at the place of its feeding gap.

Introduction We report a case of an underage girl whose main complaint was ”repeated episodes of tachycardia for five years, recurring and deteriorated for one day”. The patient was treated with drugs in the pediatric ward of Songshan General Hospital, but the effect was [undesirab](javascript:;)le. Then, she was transferred to cardiovascular department for secondary electrophysiological examination and radiofrequency ablation. Electrophysiological examination showed that the left wall concealed accessory pathway was accompanied by paroxysmal atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia and right atrial appendage tachycardia. The occult accessory pathway was cured after radiofrequency ablation, but the right atrial appendage tachycardia still remained. Finally the right atrial appendage ligation combined with radiofrequency ablation was adopted and satisfactory results were obtained. Combined with relevant document literature, this paper analyzes the ECG characteristics of right atrial appendage tachycardia, so as to provide a reference for clinical practice. Methods The concealed atrioventricular accessory pathway was cured after catheter ablation, but the right atrial appendage tachycardia could not be terminated by catheter ablation. The patient was transferred to cardiovascular surgery for right atrial appendage ligation and radiofrequency ablation. Results Over a month after the cardiac surgery, there was no any recurrence of tachycardia. Also, the symptoms like fatigue and shortness of breath improved. The echocardiography showed a significant improvement in the size of each chamber of the heart, an increase in EF(ejection fraction) and the improvement in valve regurgitation. Pericardial effusion disappeared after more than half a year of cardiac surgery. Conclusions Atrial appendage tachycardia is a common form of atrial tachycardia in children and can easily lead to tachycardia cardiomyopathy[1](#ref-0001). The efficacy of antiarrhythmic drug treatment is limited[2](#ref-0002). Complete healing through catheter ablation is challenging because of the integrated requirement of the interventional and surgical interventions.[3](#ref-0003)

Laughter has been studied by both philosophers and neuroscientists, yet the possible bridges between these two fronts of investigation is little explored. Bergson theorized about laughter and argued about its central social role. Human laughter, for Bergson, needs a social echo and brings malleability to social rigidity. We laugh at what is mechanical where there should be flexibility, for instance. Critchley, a contemporary philosopher, agrees with Bergson and adds that humor can also change our views on social structures and situations. Based on these philosophical theories on humor and recent methodological advances in functional connectivity dynamics in neuroimaging, we advance an hypothesis about the relations between laughter, cognitive flexibility and brain metastability. Laughter can be interpreted as a social behavior that reframes the interaction context and modulates individuals brain dynamics instantiating cognitive flexibility. Finally, in a parallel to interdisciplinary investigation of curiosity, we argue that laughter is not only a subject but a tool for advancing joint endeavors in neuroscience and philosophy.

Dichomitus squalens, a promising white-rot basidiomycete for industrial enzyme production, necessitates efficient genetic manipulation systems to fully leverage its biotechnological potential. Established methodologies, including protoplast-mediated and Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformations, although functional in D. squalens, are intricate and time-consuming. This study introduces the electroporation transformation system for D. squalens, which is simpler and timesaving. By optimizing electroporation parameters, we obtained 77 transformants per μg of DNA. Furthermore, we confirmed the suitability of the Nourseothricin N-acetyl transferase gene as a selectable marker and the NanoLuc gene as a luciferase reporter in D. squalens using our refined electroporation protocol. This study expands the toolkit for genetic engineering in D. squalens, offering greater flexibility for future molecular investigations.