Multi-century projections of sea-level change are crucial for understanding long-term climate impacts. However, projecting ocean dynamic processes affecting sea-level change faces two main challenges: (1) the ocean's thermal inertia and dynamics can lead to substantial nonlinearities both on a global (thermal expansion) and regional scale (dynamic sea level); and (2) simulating ocean dynamic sea-level change over multiple centuries with global climate models is computationally intensive. To address these challenges, we develop an Energy Balance Model (EBM) to emulate the thermal responses of models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and evaluate its optimal layer configuration for reproducing both thermal expansion and dynamic sea-level change. We compare results between a two and a three-layer EBM configuration, as fitting more than three layers can lead to EBM parameter overfitting. We find that both configurations perform similarly when emulating thermal expansion, with performance being highly dependent on accurate EBM forcing. To emulate dynamic sea level, we couple the EBM to a multivariate pattern scaling approach that relates the response of layer temperatures to regional changes 2 in dynamic sea level. The latter demonstrates clear advantages of a three-layer configuration under high-emission scenarios, leading to an 18% reduction in emulator error at 2300 while capturing nonlinearities more effectively. Coupling the regional emulator with a simple climate model to propagate climate uncertainties further highlights the advantage of using a three-layer approach, leading to more stable parameter fitting and reducing uncertainty in probabilistic projection by up to one global mean standard deviation. Our findings suggests that multi-layer EBMs can more accurately mimic long-term CMIP6 projections of sterodynamic sea-level changes while limiting computational burden and reducing uncertainty in emulators due to statistical fitting.

Forest allocation of net primary productivity (NPP) to reproduction is poorly quantified globally, despite its critical role in forest regeneration and a well-supported trade-off with allocation to growth. Here, we present the first global synthesis of a biometric proxy for forest reproductive allocation (RA) across environmental and stand age gradients. We find that ecosystem-scale RA increases ~ 60% from boreal to tropical forests. Nonlinear relationships with climate metrics are important, explaining nearly 14% of variation, but are not the sole predictors of RA. The influence of forest age is comparable to climate in terms of effect size, and metrics of soil fertility also showed small but significant relationships with RA. These results provide strong evidence that RA at the ecosystem scale is mediated by climate, forest age, and soil conditions, and is not a globally fixed fraction of positive NPP, as assumed by most vegetation and ecosystem models.

This article briefly reviews tracheal collapse as it is seen in horses, ponies, miniature horses and donkeys. Diagnosis is straightforward with medical management of lower respiratory tract diseases, when possible, an important component of therapy. Surgical correction of the condition is possible with long term outcomes having variable results.

We present a universal technique for non-invasive diagnostics of thin multilayer optically-transparent tissues, based on the polarization-sensitive optical-coherence tomography. To reach higher diagnostic accuracy, we revisit the model of the cornea structure, and re-consider physical features of the interaction of light with the tissue structural elements. In the scheme proposed, the probing beam is algorithmically adjustable such that the x-polarized radiation impinges each consecutive structural layer; the object beam is formed by the reflection and back-scattering. Its characteristics are found analytically and numerically within the framework of the polarized Monte-Carlo model and the Jones matrix formalism. A modified Mach-Zehnder interferometer with orthogonal polarization channels enables to eliminate the object-signal depolarization caused by stochastic scattering, and facilitates evaluation of the refractive indices and bi-refringence of the tissue elements. The technique permits longitudinal (in depth) and transverse scanning of the object, providing a complete 3D mapping of the cornea structure.

Objectives: The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (Posner et al., 2011; C-SSRS) is a widely used measure, both in research and clinical practice, for the detection of suicide risk. The current study examines responses to the C-SSRS by individuals who attempted suicide in the 30 days before pre-trial jail detention. Methods: Data were analyzed from the Suicide Prevention Intervention for at-Risk Individuals in Transition (SPIRIT) trial, which was conducted from May 2016 to November 2018 and included 800 individuals in pretrial jail detention with the primary inclusion criterion being endorsement of suicidal ideation with some intent to act (endorsement of C-SSRS C4 or C5) and/or a suicide attempt in the past month. This paper focuses on the first five screener items of the C-SSRS, which assess the highest level of suicidal ideation in the past month. Results: Most (65%) individuals who reported making a past 30-day suicide attempt indicated their highest level of suicidal ideation at the time of attempt was at the C4 (active suicidal ideation with some intent to act, without specific plan), rather than the C5 level (active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent). Conclusion: Fewer than one third of individuals who had made at least one past 30-day suicide attempt in our sample had made specific plans. Findings highlight the unplanned nature of many suicide attempts and the risk for suicide among individuals without detailed suicide plans.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are a key platform in the sixth generation (6G) communication networks, which has the ability to significantly enhance the connectivity and communication efficiency. This paper proposes a robust and efficient angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation method based on a field-trained neural network (NN) for air-to-ground (A2G) channel measurement applications. In this method, a real-time UAV channel sounder is utilized to obtain the complex channel impulse response (CIR). Firstly, we identify the line-of-sight (LoS) path from the complex CIR via a random forest (RF) classifier and calculate the LoS path phase as the input data set in the real-time stage. Then the NN is pre-trained quickly in the field by each receiving antenna element's LoS path phase and the corresponding AoAs according to the locations of transceivers. Finally, the pre-trained NN is used for high-efficient LoS and non-LoS (NLoS) AoA estimation in real-time. To validate the proposed method, a channel measurement campaign is carried out in a campus scenario at 3.6 GHz. The estimated results are in good agreements with the measurement data and theoretical for the LoS and NLoS cases. In addition, the proposed field-trained estimation method is more computationally efficient and more robust compared with the traditional methods. The proposed angle estimation method is also valuable for future A2G channel measurement, enabling more reliable and efficient connectivity in dynamic and complex environments. Index Terms-Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), angle-of-arrival (AoA) estimation, field-trained neural network (NN), air-toground (A2G) channel, channel measurement.

This study utilized next-generation sequencing (NGS) of nrDNA ITS regions (ITS1 and ITS2) for the first time to analyze three honey samples from Anzer (Ballıköy), Rize province, Türkiye. The NGS results were evaluated alongside melissopalynological data. Pollen grains were first isolated and identified microscopically, and DNA was extracted from the honey samples for NGS analysis. ITS1 and ITS2 regions were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq, and results were compared with a custom reference library. NGS produced 310,745 paired-end reads for ITS1 and 39,835 reads for ITS2. Of these, 75.2% of ITS1 reads and 68.4% of ITS2 reads were identified to at least the family level. NGS analysis detected 27 plant families and 54 taxa, a 37% increase in taxa detection compared to melissopalynology, which identified 19 families and 34 taxa. Both approaches consistently identified dominant floral components, with NGS providing greater species-level resolution. Spearman’s correlation revealed a moderate linear relation between the two methodologies for two of the three samples. However, the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indices were lower in metabarcoding than in melissopalynology due to the uneven distribution of read counts for some species. The R-coefficient results of all the families for the three samples showed over or underrepresentation except for Caryophyllaceae (honey sample ZT2 = 0.85) and Asteraceae (honey sample ZT3 = 0.93). While to date, melissopalynolgy has been the prime identification method for determining the geographical origin of honey, this study, for the first time, presents a comprehensive and reliable metabarcoding data for Anzer honey identification.

Chatbots have become essential tools in the current digital era, especially in recommendation systems where they function as virtual assistants providing users with tailored advice and ideas. However, there are few issues with current chatbot frameworks, including poor user interface designs, imprecise emotion identification, and insufficient tools for ongoing development. this study explores the smooth integration of recommendation systems within chatbots. This work shows how effective chatbots may be in providing personalized recommendations by utilizing machine learning techniques.

The DVB project has been active in maintaining and adapting its specifications to the requirements of modern satellite communications systems. The physical layer specifications, which include DVB-S2X for the forward link and DVB-RCS2 for the return link have been recently updated to support beam-hopping over the forward link and signalling within a VSAT system, including some support of Non- Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) satellites. Last year the DVB Commercial Module issued a new set of requirements for further support of NGSO by the DVB-RCS2 standard. The requirements call for support and analysis of operation within an NGSO system and extending the capabilities of the return link to support higher capacity and enable more symmetric traffic. The DVB Technical Module (satellite working group, TM-S) has produced an enhancement of the specifications and performed a set of analyses to answer the commercial requirements. In the paper, the new features described above will be introduced, as well as the analyses and discussions.

A simple statistical model of the DNA barcode gap is outlined in both frequentist and Bayesian contexts. Here, accuracy of recently introduced nonparametric metrics, inspired by coalescent theory, is used to characterize the extent of proportional overlap/separation in maximum and minimum pairwise genetic distances within and among species, respectively. Using a straightforward binomial count of overlapping specimen records, probabilities of taxon distance distribution overlap/separation are directly estimated. The mean and variance are derived for edge cases of no and full overlap, and are shown to have good asymptotic properties. Further, a new way to visualize distances and the DNA barcode gap estimators via the empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) appears revealing. Using R and the probabilistic programming language, Stan, the proposed maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) and Bayesian model are demonstrated on cytochrome b (CYTB) gene sequences from two _Agabus_ diving beetle species, _A. bipustulatus_ and _A. nevadensis_ (N = 701 and N = 2 individuals, respectively). Analyses clearly expose problems, showing much uncertainty in parameter estimates, particularly under the frequentist paradigm, and when specimen sample sizes for target species are small. Findings herein highlight the promise of the Bayesian approach using a conjugate beta prior for reliable posterior estimation over classical inference when available data are sparse. Obtained results can help shed light on foundational and applied research questions concerning DNA-based specimen identification and species delineation for studies in evolutionary biology and ecology, as well as biodiversity conservation, forensics, management and restoration of wide-ranging taxa.

Low-Dose Subcutaneous Immunotherapy for Dust Mite in Pediatric Allergic RhinitisYehonatan Pasternak1,2,3, Shirley Sarig Epstein2,3, Eris Greenbaum1, Yoram Faitelson1,2, Nufar Marcus1,2, Nirit Segal1,2, Basel Badarneh1,2, Siril Yoffe1,2, Liad Avneri1,2, Avraham Beigelman1,21 Schneider Children’s Medical Center in Israel, Kipper Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Petah Tikva, Israel. 2 Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.3 Pediatrics A, Schneider Children’s Medical Center in Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.Word count: 1031Abbreviations: AR – allergic rhinitis, SCIT – subcutaneous immunotherapy, HDM – house dust mite, AU – allergy units, TNSS – Total Nasal Symptom Score, TMS – Total Medication Score,Conflicts of interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this study.To the Editor:Pediatric allergic rhinitis (AR) significantly impacts the quality of life of affected children. Allergen immunotherapy is an effective therapy that alleviates symptoms, and more importantly\RL, changes the natural history of this disease1. Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is the most widespread method of allergen immunotherapy in pediatric patients with AR\RL2. One of the most common causative allergens worldwide is house dust mite (HDM)3. Clinical guidelines suggest that an effective SCIT protocol for HDM should aim for a maintenance dose of 500–2000 allergy units (AU) that includes both major species: D farinae and D pteronyssinus 4. Previous studies have shown variability in dosing protocols among caregivers and highlighted the need for more consensus on treatment parameters like dose and duration in HDM SCIT5. Moreover, most of the data on allergen immunotherapy originated from studies conducted among adults, and there is a paucity of data on effective HDM SCIT dosing regimens in the pediatric population. Several reports called for trials with efficacy criteria tailored to HDM-induced allergic disease, but these recommendations were not strongly pursued6,7.In our allergy clinic we observed a substantial incidence of systemic allergic reactions to SCIT in the mid-high doses. This prompted us to recently transition from administering a maintenance dose of 500 AU of HDM extract to a lower dose of 50 AU. Our data show that 95.6% of systemic reactions occurred at doses in the range of 100–500 AU. This supports the rationale for adopting a lower maintenance dose8. However, patients who report significant nasal symptoms with the low-dose SCIT are gradually increased to standard-dose maintenance. As a result, our patients can be classified into two groups: those who stayed on the low-dose regimen and those who required an increase to the standard maintenance dose due to persistent symptoms. . Patients who also received SCIT for other aeroallergens (e.g., pollens) were treated using standard dosing protocols.In a cross-sectional comparative study, we aimed to evaluate the disease burden of AR among children treated at our institute between May 2018 and January 2024. We compared between those who received a lower dose of dust mite SCIT (50 AU) and those who received the traditional SCIT dose of 500 AU. We estimated the disease burden of AR and medication use over the two weeks preceding the survey, in patients who had been on a SCIT maintenance dose for over six months. Specifically, we assessed the Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) and the Total Medication Score (TMS)9 in these patients.The TNSS evaluates the severity of symptoms across four categories: sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal itching, and nasal obstruction. Each category is rated on a scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (severe symptoms that are hard to tolerate and that disrupt daily activities). The overall TNSS is the sum of the scores from these four categories, with a maximum possible score of 12.9 The TMS considers only the most potent medication used during the previous 14 days, rated on a scale from 0 to 3 (0 = no treatment, 1 = oral H1 antihistamine, 2 = intranasal corticosteroid, 3 = oral corticosteroid)9. In the statistical analysis, means ± standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables, and counts (%) for categorical data. Data were compared between groups using one-way ANOVA for continuous variables, and Fisher’s Exact test for categorical data. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the local ethics committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of all enrolled children.We analyzed data collected from 71 pediatric patients who started HDM SCIT before age 18 years. All the patients had characteristic symptoms of AR, with a positive (>3mm) skin test or positive (>0.35 KU) specific immunoglobulin E for dust mite (+/- pollens). The mean age was 17.3 years.Of the 71 patients, 46 (65%) started on a low-dose protocol. Eventually, 32 (70%) continued to receive low-dose maintenance (50 AU) and 14 (30%) switched to standard-dose maintenance due to ongoing symptoms. Classifying the patients according to their final maintenance treatment dosage yielded 32 in the low-dose group, and 39 who initially or eventually received the standard dose of 500 AU. No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of age, gender, history of asthma, or pollen allergy.The low-dose SCIT group demonstrated a TNSS of 5.59 (±2.47), similar to the standard-dose group (5.35±2.91, p=0.72). TMS was also comparable between the groups (1.68 vs. 1.23, p=0.54) (Table 1).Our findings suggest that the disease burden of AR may be similar for children treated with low-dose (50 AU) HDM SCIT and those treated with standard-dose SCIT (500 AU). The lower dose approach has the potential benefit of reducing SCIT-related side effects. However, 30% of the patients had to switch to higher-dose SCIT due to persistent AR symptoms. Therefore, a conservative approach—starting with low-dose SCIT, monitoring for ongoing symptoms, and increasing the dose only in patients with significant residual symptoms—may help minimize SCIT-related side effects.The cross-sectional nature of our study precluded assessing treatment efficacy through changes in the TNSS score from baseline. Additionally, most of the patients received SCIT for other aeroallergens (e.g., pollens) concomitant with HDM. However, as HDM is the major allergen responsible for SCIT-related systemic reactions at our institution8, establishing HDM SCIT protocols that would reduce the incidence of these systemic allergic reactions would be highly desirable. Finally, our sample size was relatively small, raising the possibility that we lacked sufficient statistical power to detect differences between groups. Given these limitations, this study should be viewed as hypothesis-generating, laying the scientific foundation for a larger, prospective investigation into HDM SCIT dosing protocols.In conclusion, our findings suggested that low-dose (50 AU) SCIT for pediatric allergic rhinitis may offer comparable symptom control and medication use to the standard-dose regimen, while potentially reducing systemic allergic reactions. As some patients still required SCIT dose escalation, a stepwise approach may help minimize adverse effects while maintaining treatment efficacy.Keywords : allergic rhinitis, house dust mite, subcutaneous immunotherapy, dosing, pediatricDr. Yehonatan Pasternak Schneider Children’s Medical Center in Israel Kipper Institute of Allergy and Immunology, Petah Tikva, IsraelTable 1. Characteristics and Disease Burden Scores of Low-Dose (50 AU) versus Standard-Dose (500 AU) Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown This paper proposes a novel broadband wide scanning angle phased array antenna. The antenna elements are fed from the bottom via a coaxial feed, with an impedance matching network formed by a coaxial-to-stripline transition that couples to a ”I-shaped” slot antenna. The signal is transmitted through two differently sized SIW cavities, with stripline structures printed on the upper surface of the cavities to adjust the antenna’s radiation characteristics. Finally, a metasurface-based wide-angle impedance matching (MS-WAIM) layer is employed to enhance the beam scanning capability while reducing the antenna profile. The proposed element demonstrates dual-resonance behavior, with a VSWR of less than 2 across 46% of the simulated bandwidth (7.8-12.4 GHz). To form the array, adjacent elements’ open cavities are connected. When scanning in the H-plane to ±60°, the array achieves approximately 39% bandwidth (7.9-11.8 GHz) with an effective VSWR less than 2. To validate the design, a 4×4 array prototype was fabricated. In the H-plane, when scanning to ±60°, the array exhibits a bandwidth of about 38.7% (7.9-11.75 GHz), with an effective VSWR less than 2.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Introduction: Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging, the process of classifying words into their respective parts of speech (e.g., verbs, nouns), is a fundamental task in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. It serves as a crucial preprocessing step for tasks such as machine translation, question answering, and sentiment analysis. However, existing Persian POS corpora predominantly consist of formal texts, such as news articles and academic publications. Consequently, POS tagging tools and models developed on these corpora often struggle to accurately process colloquial language found in social media and informal contexts. Method: This paper introduces the ”Colloquial Persian POS” (CPPOS) corpus, specifically designed to facilitate POS tagging for colloquial Persian text. The corpus encompasses both formal and informal texts collected from diverse domains, including political, social, and commercial content on platforms like Telegram, Twitter, and Instagram, comprising over 520,000 labeled tokens. Following a year-long collection period, we implemented rigorous preprocessing steps, including normalization and both sentence and word tokenization tailored for social media text. The tokens and sentences underwent meticulous manual annotation and verification by a team of linguistic experts. Additionally, this study establishes comprehensive guidelines for POS tagging annotation. Results: To assess the quality of the CPPOS corpus, we trained various deep learning models, including those from the RNN family. A comparative analysis with the well-established ”Bijankhan” corpus and the Hazm POS tool—both trained on Bijankhan—demonstrated that our model utilizing the CPPOS corpus significantly outperforms these benchmarks. Specifically, with the integration of the new corpus and a BiLSTM deep neural model, we achieved a notable 14% improvement over previous datasets.

Title :

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) cells are currently one of the preferred host cell lines for production of biologics, specifically, AAV−based viral vectors. These fast-growing cells consume significant amounts of nutrients and often convert them into byproducts such as lactate and ammonia. In fed-batch cultures, accumulation of lactate and ammonia to high levels can inhibit cell proliferation. In this study, we demonstrate that lactate and ammonia accumulation alone doesn’t fully explain the growth inhibition observed in HEK293 fed-batch cultures. Growth inhibition was noted even when the levels of these byproducts were well controlled. Instead, we show that several previously unknown compounds accumulate in HEK293 cell fed-batch cultures, some of which can inhibit HEK293 cell growth either individually or synergistically. Many of these newly identified compounds are intermediates or byproducts of amino acid catabolism. When residual levels of the source amino acids for these novel byproducts were controlled in the low concentration range (~1mM) in HEK293 fed-batch cultures, lactate accumulated to higher levels, causing growth inhibition. This prompted the need for employing HIPDOG control strategy for lactate management. In HIPDOG cultures, controlling the source amino acids at low concentrations resulted in lower accumulations of the corresponding growth-inhibitory byproducts when compared to the control HIPDOG conditions with typical levels of amino acids. This led to higher viable cell densities (VCD) and viabilities in low amino acid conditions. Strategies that reduce byproduct accumulation, whether classical or novel byproducts, in HEK293 fed-batch processes can result in enhanced VCDs potentially leading to higher volumetric productivities

Thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) tests were carried out for additively manufactured nickel-based superalloy GH4169 with different printing directions. Selective-laser-melting specimens were subjected to a mechanical strain amplitude of 0.8% at temperature 350-650°C, under both in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) conditions. The research results indicate that the TMF life of horizontally printed samples is significantly longer than that of vertically printed samples. Furthermore, the TMF life under OP conditions is higher than that under IP conditions, with the isothermal fatigue life falling between the two. A crystal plasticity finite element model was established to simulate TMF cyclic deformation, taking into account the influence of plastic dissipation energy. The developed model is able to capture the features of asymmetry of stress-strain responses and initial hardening followed by softening. It was found that the strain distribution pattern is closely correlated with the shear bands generated by crystal slip, and some grains undergo premature softening.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a prevalent malignancy in China, manifests annually in excess of 70,000 instances. At initial diagnosis, approximately one-tenth of these patients present with metastatic disease. The predominant sites for distant dissemination encompass pulmonary, osseous, hepatic, and adrenal regions, whereas gastric involvement remains exceedingly rare. We clinically characterized a case by postprandially abdominal discomfort, which was endoscopic-biopsy confirmed as gastric tumor, and further diagnosis revealed the primary malignancy was kidney-originated. Case report: A 68-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for the evaluation of persistent postprandial abdominal pain and diarrhea that had persisted for one month. Gastroscopy revealed a gastric body tumor, leading to the performance of an endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The initial pathological examination identified the tumor as gastric malignancy of undetermined origin. Concurrently, a comprehensive abdominal CT scan detected an additional renal tumor. Subsequent radical nephrectomy of the right kidney was performed, and the pathology confirmed the renal cell carcinoma shared the same origin as the gastric lesion. Over a follow-up period of 38 months postoperatively, there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence or progression. Conclusion: Renal cell carcinoma has the potential to metastasize to the stomach, albeit this occurrence is not readily detectable in clinical practice unless it manifests as gastric symptoms. In instances where solitary superficial gastric metastasis is identified, aggressive surgical intervention can yield satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Isoniazid (INH), a cornerstone of tuberculosis therapy, is plagued by dose-limiting hepatotoxicity with limited therapeutic options. While Schisandra chinensis lignans exhibit hepatoprotective potential, their mechanistic interplay with ferroptosis—a newly recognized driver of INH-induced liver injury—remains unexplored. Here, we delineate a novel molecular axis by which Schisandrin A (SinA) and Schisandrin B (SinB) mitigate INH-induced hepatotoxicity through ferroptosis suppression. Using human hepatocyte models (L02, WRL68) and C57BL/6J mice, we demonstrate that SinA/SinB significantly attenuate hepatic injury markers (ALT/AST), iron overload, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione depletion. Crucially, both compounds rescued GPX4 expression by blocking its ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation, as evidenced by CETSA, DARTS, and Co-IP. Strikingly, GPX4 knockout abolished their protective effects, underscoring GPX4 as the pivotal target. ITC and SPR revealed high-affinity binding of SinA/SinB to GPX4, while molecular docking identified Lys31 and Lys90 as critical residues for SinB-GPX4 interaction. Mutagenesis studies confirmed that K31/K90 substitutions abolished SinB’s efficacy, highlighting a structure-dependent mechanism. Notably, in vivo administration of SinA/SinB restored hepatic GPX4 levels, suppressed ferroptotic markers (MDA, GSH), and ameliorated histopathological damage. This work not only uncovers GPX4 stabilization as a druggable strategy against ferroptosis but also positions SinA/SinB as first-in-class natural compounds targeting this pathway for INH-induced liver injury. Our findings bridge traditional medicine with modern mechanistic insights, offering a blueprint for developing standardized, multitargeted therapies to address drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

The common co-occurrence of kidney and heart disease results from complex mutual pathophysiological mechanisms between the two organs, leads to increased morbidity and mortality, and poses huge therapeutic challenges. As in-depth knowledge of their crosstalk increases, new cardiorenal drugs supported by large, randomized trials are re-defining cardiorenal therapies, bringing cardiorenal medicine into a new era. In this review, we address the shared regulatory mechanisms of cardiorenal interdependence and provide current evidence supporting treatment options around decongestion strategies, renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system inhibitors/angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. We advocate the inclusion of both renal and cardiac endpoints in pivotal clinical trials of new drugs with cardiorenal effects. Studies investigating the efficacy and safety of combined treatment approaches are needed. Novel approaches to treatment could contribute to optimizing cardiorenal multidisciplinary care, reducing the disease burden, improving clinical outcomes, and contributing to global health.

Title: Prenatal diagnosis of unbalanced translocation t(5;11)(q21;q22) with a Jacobsen syndrome clinical phenotypeYuri Hasegawa*, Yuriko Kitajima, Koh Nagata, Shoko Miura, Kiyonori MiuraDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan*Corresponding authorDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. Fax 81-95- 819-7365; e-mail: haseyuri@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.Yuriko Kitajima: yurikokitajima@nagasaki-u.ac.jp, Koh Nagata: k.nagata@nagasaki-u.ac.jp, Shoko Miura: shokom@nagasaki-u.ac.jp, Kiyonori Miura: kiyonori@nagasaki-u.ac.jpKey words: unbalanced translocation, Jacobsen syndrome, prenatal diagnosis, fetal growth restriction, cardiac malformationFundingThe authors disclose receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: YH was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (grant number 22K09622).The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article.This article was previously presented as a poster at the 28th International Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy on 9 July 2024.We obtained written informed consent from the patient regarding the presentation.This article was approved by the Institutional Review Board for Ethical, Legal and Social Issues of Nagasaki University (ID: 12121777).

This paper is based on a Keynote address the author gave at the 9 th International Global Public Health Conference, in Manila, Philippines July 2024. The paper explores how mental health care has been, and continues to be viewed through dominant models. And suggests that by taking an intersectional view of mental health, it demonstrates that mental health has not been given the same degree of importance and has not had fair and equitable attention in policy, strategies and resources. The author offers solutions which emphasises a seismic shift is needed by the UN, WHO and Governments to move from a dominant western medical model.

Based on the daily precipitation observation data of 208 rain-gauge stations in Northwest China from 1961 to 2020, we use the statistical analysis method, the Mann-Kendall test method, the probability analysis and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of precipitation duration and the contribution of the precipitation with different durations to the total precipitation. At the same time, the characteristics of precipitation duration in different regions (westerly region, monsoon transition region and monsoon region) are compared. The results show that the frequency, annual total precipitation and annual averaged precipitation intensity of the precipitation processes in Northwest China present a decreasing trend before the 1990s, but an increasing trend after 1991. Especially, the increasing trend is more obvious in the south-central and eastern parts of Northwest China. The occurrence frequency, total precipitation and average precipitation intensity of the precipitation processes with different durations all increase spatially from northwest to southeast, and this distribution is consistent with that of the climate zones in China. The distribution of the stations with a precipitation-increasing trend is closely related to the topography. In the north of large terrains, most stations present an increasing trend in precipitation frequency, total precipitation and precipitation intensity. The precipitation process in Northwest China is dominated by one-day precipitation process (short-duration precipitation process), and the frequency of the precipitation processes lasting for 3 days or more (long-duration precipitation process) is the least, but its precipitation intensity is the strongest. In the westerly region, the frequency and precipitation of one-day precipitation processes occupy the largest proportion. In the monsoon region, the frequency and precipitation of the precipitation processes lasting for 3 days or more occupy the largest proportion. In the past 60 years, the frequency, total precipitation and precipitation intensity of one-day precipitation processes show an increasing trend in all the three regions, while the two-day precipitation processes has no obvious change. For the precipitation processes lasting for 3 days or more, there is no obvious change or slight decrease in different regions. In general, the summer precipitation in Northwest China has an increasing trend. The results of this study may provide further understanding on the warming-wetting trend over Northwest China.

Abstract. In this article, novel Euler-Maclaurin type inequalities have been derived. These inequalities have been obtained through the use of ψ-Hilfer fractional integrals. In the process of deriving these inequalities, the condition that the absolute value of the derivative of the function f is convex has been taken into consideration. Furthermore, to facilitate the understanding of the main results presented in the article, special cases of the derived theorems have been examined, and various examples have been provided to illustrate these results concretely. Thus, the study also demonstrates how the obtained theoretical findings can be applied in a broader context.

This study investigates the wetting behavior, condensation dynamics, and heat transfer performance of stainless steel (SS), graphite composite (GC), and a modified superhydrophobic graphite composite (SHGC) under varying relative humidity (RH) conditions. Static and dynamic contact angle measurements revealed significant differences in wetting behavior, with SS demonstrating hydrophilic properties ( 6 5 ◦ ± 7 ◦ ), GC exhibiting hydrophobicity ( 9 7 ◦ ± 2 ◦ ), and SHGC achieving superhydrophobicity ( > 1 7 0 ◦ ). Condensation experiments at 100% RH showed that GC and SHGC outperformed SS in both heat flux densities and heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) at higher RH levels. At 100% RH, GC achieved the highest heat transfer coefficient of 3 0 9 W / m 2 K ± 2 . 3 % , followed by SHGC 2 4 4 W / m 2 K ± 2 . 9 % , while SS remained at 1 3 4 W / m 2 K ± 6 . 5 % compared to 60 % and 80 % RH. Computational fluid dynamics simulations confirmed the experimental findings, validating laminar flow and demonstrating strong agreement with measured vapor-side HTCs. The reduced performance of SHGC compared to GC is attributed to the Wenzel pinning effect and additional thermal resistances. These findings highlight the need for further optimization of surface structure and coating uniformity to enhance the condensation heat transfer performance of SHGC in practical applications.