A new method to measure nitrous oxide soil gas fluxes using chambers in combination with a N2O sorbent is presented. The standard GRACEnet protocols method requires multiple grab samples (typically 25mL e/a) obtained throughout chamber deployment (i.e., 0, 15, and 30 min) and linear and non-linear options to process the raw concentrations, based on goodness of fit tests. The new method uses a single sorbent-stabilized large volume (400 mL) gas sample obtained at the end of each chamber deployment (30 min) and assumes a linear concentration increase. Both methods estimate the initial (time 0) gas flux into the chamber using concentration changes and deployment time. This report presents a side-by-side field test in experimental plots. Samples were independently analyzed by gas chromatography and thermal desorption/gas chromatography for the standard and new method, respectively. Gas concentrations measured by both methods at the end of the chamber deployment and calculated soil gas fluxes were in close agreement (R2 =0.92 and R2 =0.91, respectively). Additionally, four-100 mL samples taken from multiple chambers at the end of the deployment were pooled into a single cartridge to explore the sorbent potential to further reduce the number of samples. Pooled sample results from four locations correlated well with average standard chamber deployments (R2 =0.92 and R2 =0.95 for N2O concentrations and soil gas fluxes, respectively). These results suggest sorbent-based sampling yields soil gas flux data of similar quality to grab sampling methods, and potential advantages of more stable and reduced number of samples.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth face unique challenges throughout development, leading to greater risk for developing psychopathology. There is a paucity of research examining factors that may protect against or increase risk for the development of psychopathology in TGD youth. Emotion regulation is important in the development of has been shown to protect against psychopathology, while emotion regulation difficulties are linked to psychopathology. In addition, discrimination impacts emotion regulation, possibly mediating the pathway between minority stress and psychopathology. This review integrates current developmental literature on emotion regulation alongside factors unique to TGD youth. Building on minority stress theory, we examine factors at the individual, interpersonal, and societal levels and discuss future research directions.

Biodiversity monitoring is crucial in the Anthropocene era, yet traditional methods lack spatial and temporal coverage. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) offers a solution by enabling continuous, non-invasive data collection across ecosystems and taxa. Ecoacoustics uses PAM to assess biodiversity through acoustic metrics, requiring robust methodologies for data collection, analysis and sharing. Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) provide a standardized monitoring framework, but integrating PAM data as EBVs remains challenging due to imperfect detectability. This challenge arises from various biases, including variations in signal emission, propagation, and reception influenced by habitat structure, background noise, and equipment sensitivity. These factors affect the accuracy and reliability of PAM-based assessments. Here, we assess how PAM data contribute to EBVs across biological scales and explore the role of spatio-temporal detectability in shaping data reliability. To address these issues, we propose a novel conceptual framework that combines physical and statistical approaches to characterize in situ detectability using a minimum set of variables. This framework lays the foundations for the standardization of PAM protocols and facilitates its integration into EBVs. By overcoming these challenges, we enhance PAM-based biodiversity monitoring, ensuring more robust data for conservation strategies and promoting interoperability across national and global scales.

The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), a keystone species, faces significant threats from habitat loss, poaching, and population fragmentation. Understanding the evolutionary history of its subspecies is essential for developing targeted conservation strategies and mitigating risks to their survival.This study introduces, for the first time, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from predominantly wild-origin Asian elephants housed in European zoos, covering the distribution range of Asian elephants. Our data aims to validate the Asian elephant subspecies designation and address ambiguities about their origin, particularly concerning Bornean and Sri Lankan elephants. Analysis reveals a clear population structure with relatively recent splits, delineating three distinct genetic clusters: Borneo, Sumatra, and Mainland, with Sri Lanka forming an additional group. Hypotheses on the origin of Bornean elephants—native dispersal or human introduction—are explored. Our data reflects the current Asian elephant subspecies designation. This study is estimating the divergence time between Bornean and Sumatra elephants, around 170,000 years ago. Their genome also exhibited severe bottlenecks as recently as 8 and 38 generations ago, further supporting hypotheses of introduction. The divergence of Sri Lankan elephant from the Mainland is estimated at 48,000 years ago, with Sri Lankan elephants predominantly clustering with those from Myanmar, possibly due to historical trade networks. Additionally, the Sumatra elephant is confirmed as a distinct subspecies. Furthermore, the study discusses genetic management strategies for ex-situ populations, emphasizing the importance of implementing cluster-specific conservation measures. Despite data constraints, recognizing Bornean elephants as a distinct subspecies, informs conservation strategies, and suggests avenues for further research.

Animal responses to bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms are important to understand how host-microbe interactions lead to divergent molecular responses by the host and the assembly of the holobiont. The immune system of the animal and the resident microbial community are critical factors in the response, or lack thereof, by a host to a newly encountered microbe. Here, we describe the transcriptional response of the model cnidarian Nematostella vectensis when exposed to three Live Cell (LC) isolates (Bacillus velezensis, Pseudoalteromonas spiralis, and Vibrio diabolicus) or their Cell Free Supernatants (CFS) with and without the native microbiome. Gene expression revealed large variation in the overall response ranging from nearly 1000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for axenic anemones exposed to B. velezensis to 49 DEGs in xenic individual inoculated with V. diabolicus. The anemone’s response similarly varied widely if the exposure was to the live bacteria or the secreted products, especially with B. velezensis. Genes associated with the RIG-I-like immune pathway showed large differences in expression whereas the transcriptional variation for NF-kB and toll-like receptor were not significantly different. The response to each gram-negative bacteria differed from a purified bacterial ligand lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Together, these results support the hypothesis that N. vectensis mounts unique transcriptional responses to individual bacterial species and their products, which is dependent on the presence of the native microbiome. The complexity of this molecular response further highlights the dynamic interplay between cnidarians and microbes in the assembly and maintenance of the holobiont.

INTRODUCTIONPara-anastomotic aneurysm(PAA) is a major complication following open surgery for aortic aneurysm or occlusive disease. The incidence of para-anastomotic aneurysm (PAA) is low in the short term but increases significantly over time after the initial operation1,2). Repair of PAA is challenging due to the severe adhesions surrounding the aneurysm, which increase the risk of bleeding and injury to adjacent organs. This report is a rare and educational case of simultaneous repair of a femoral pseudo PAA and an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using a hybrid approach. Written informed consent was obtained from patient.

CASE REPORT

Passive fit evaluation of implant superstructures by analyzing accumulated screw tightening torque: A clinical report of dental techniqueKazuya Doi, Hiroshi Oue, Reiko Kobatake, Kaien Wakamatsu, Kazuhiro TsugaDepartment of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan*Correspondence to: Assistant Prof. Reiko KobatakeDepartment of Advanced Prosthodontics, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, 1-2-3, Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, JapanTel: +81-82-257-5677, Fax: +81-82-257-5679E-mail: reiko1122@hiroshima-u.ac.jpORCIDsKazuya Doi, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9452-4750Hiroshi Oue, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-090XReiko Kobatake, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5913-5765Kaien Wakamatsu, https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7178-7954Kazuhiro Tsuga, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-70151

IntroductionSquamous cell carcinoma with basaloid-like features \sout(BSCC) has an incidence of 0.07-0.8% of esophageal cancers (1-5). Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is more frequent in male and represents about 5% of all esophageal tumors (6-7).Do not associate with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection (8). It is a tumor with a high incidence of distant and lymph node metastases and for these reasons it often has a worse prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) without statistical significance however (6;9). There are few case reports of early stage BSCC also because it is often diagnosed when the tumor is in an advanced stage (6-11).In our case we describe a rare case of BSCC initially diagnosed as a subepithelial tumor which was surgically treated, after multidisciplinary discussion, in consideration of the staging of the tumor and the age of the patient. We present the following case in accordance with the CARE reporting checklist.

Mammalian circadian rhythms are driven by the transcriptional-translational feedback loop of clock genes in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, chronic methamphetamine treatment induces circadian activity rhythms in arrhythmic animals with suprachiasmatic nucleus lesions or clock gene deletions. Activation of dopaminergic neurotransmission by methamphetamine is considered to induce activity rhythms. Adenosine antagonizes the actions of dopamine at heteromers of dopamine and adenosine receptors (dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 receptors, dopamine D2 and adenosine A2A receptors). In this study, we considered that adenosine inhibition acts similarly to methamphetamine, and administered an antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, caffeine, in drinking water. Chronic caffeine treatment extended the circadian activity period of wild-type mice under constant darkness. The circadian period extension continued for three weeks after the replacement of caffeine with water. Chronic caffeine treatment induced circasemidian (~12 h), circadian, and longer-period activity rhythms in clock gene deficient, cryptochrome (Cry) 1 and Cry 2 double knockout mice under constant darkness. These activity rhythms changed periods spontaneously over time and became arrhythmic upon caffeine withdrawal. In humans, rhythms with shorter or longer than 24 h periods are hypothesized to cause internal desynchronization of the sleep-wake rhythm from the ~ 24 h body temperature rhythm under temporal isolation. Circasemidian rhythms are hypothesized to cause afternoon sleepiness and nap. Caffeine-induced rhythms may help in understanding rhythms with not around 24 h periods in humans.

Accurate identification of low-abundance point mutations is a crucial technical challenge in clinical diagnosis, particularly within high wild-type genomic backgrounds. We established an engineered CRISPR/Cas12a point mutation detection strategy (E-CRISPR) for low-abundance point mutations detection. By integrating the precise regulatory mechanism of strand displacement reaction (SDR) with the local high-concentration probe microenvironment created by tetrahedral DNA frameworks (TDFs), it has achieved simultaneous improvement in single-nucleotide resolution and ultrasensitive detection performance. This strategy was validated using an mitochondrial m.11778 G>A mutation associated with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and achieved a detection limit of 0.1% mutant allele frequency under isothermal conditions within 20 minutes. This approach represents a clinically versatile mutation diagnosis strategy with high sensitivity and specificity, which provides an innovative solution to breakthrough the existing technical bottlenecks.

Does Lumpy Skin Disease virus have the potential to become a zoonotic agent?Lauro Velazquez-Salinas* Amanda Harvey and Chad Mire*AffiliationNational Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), ARS, USDA, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA.Corresponding authors:Lauro Velazquez-Salinas: lauro.velazquez@usda.gov and Chad Mire: chad.mire@usda.govTo The Editor,The purpose of this letter is to call the attention of the scientific community to the recent manuscript published by Tomar and Khairnar, 2024 [1]. In this study, using a metagenomic analysis, the authors discovered the presence of genome fragments of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in nasopharyngeal swab samples (obtained from SARS-CoV-2 surveillance activities during 2023) collected from twelve human subjects located in the districts of Nagpur, Chandrapur, and Bhandara state of Maharashtra, India. These findings highlight the potential of LSDV to be a new zoonotic agent. Herein, we consider aspects of LSDV that may lend to this eventuality and suggest further steps to investigate whether a spillover event has occurred.

Isolated populations of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) in elevated, rocky escarpment areas of the Northern Territory reach sexual maturity earlier and generally have an adult size half that of their downstream counterparts. There is debate over whether these ‘pygmy’ or ‘dwarf’ crocodile populations are the result of extreme phenotypic plasticity or the origins of a unique species through peripatric speciation. This debate is of conservation concern as these populations face immediate threats of invasive species and climate change, and species classification can affect conservation management strategies. We used mitochondrial DNA control region and cytochrome b sequences to investigate whether mtDNA haplotype variation supports any evidence of speciation between the pygmy and standard-size freshwater crocodiles. Additionally, we used genotyping by sequencing (dd-RADseq) to examine genetic clustering. Separated and concatenated control region and cytochrome b haplotypes were shared between pygmy and standard-size crocodile populations. Principle Component Analysis and STRUCTURE analyses on dd-RADseq data showed pygmy and standard-size crocodiles cluster by geographic location as much as by phenotype. We found no clear and objective genetic evidence to suggest that the pygmy freshwater crocodiles should be considered a separate species to any other population of the standard-size crocodiles. However, the isolation and environmental adaptability of these unique pygmy freshwater crocodile populations make them ecologically unique and valuable for conservation, and worth safeguarding against potential threats.

Schizophyllum commune (SC) has garnered increasing attention in the medical field due to its capacity to cause a variety of infections in humans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and diagnostic approaches for SC infections. This opportunistic pathogen predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with underlying hematological malignancies or organ transplantation. The clinical manifestations of SC infections can range from localized sinusitis to disseminated and potentially life-threatening conditions. Epidemiological investigations indicate that is a ubiquitous fungus, widely distributed in the environment. However, in immunocompromised individuals, this fungus can lead to serious infections, such as rhinosinusitis, cutaneous lesions, and disseminated disease. Accurate diagnosis can be challenging, as the clinical presentation may resemble that of other fungal or bacterial pathogens. The development of advanced diagnostic techniques, including molecular identification through DNA sequencing and sensitive antigen detection assays, has significantly improved the ability to detect pathogenic fungi.

In this paper we introduce a mathematical framework, developed within the extended classical mechanics setup , which helps us derive quantum nature and the relation E = hν from it. By doing so, we give a solid mathematical foundation to quantum nature and remove the inherent incompatibilities between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. We also derive Schrödinger's equation with the help of this framework to establish the validity of this framework.

The Innovation in Medical Evidence and Development Surveillance (IMEDS) Network is a collaborative effort between the Reagan-Udall Foundation for the Food and Drug Administration (the Operations Center), the Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute (the Analytic Center), and nine selected Network Partners (U.S. regional or national health insurers (CVS Healthspire Payor & Life Sciences LLC, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Carelon Research, Inc., HealthPartners Institute, Humana Healthcare Research, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Marshfield Clinic Health System, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School Division of Health Systems Science), contributing administrative claims and electronic health record data. The IMEDS network provides real-world healthcare data on large, diverse patient populations, facilitating efficient analyses of medical product safety and effectiveness evaluations, leveraging tools developed by the FDA’s Sentinel Initiative. Between 2000 and 2023, 32.8 million historical members contributing to IMEDS had at least one day of medical and drug coverage, over 105.3 million had at least one year of continuous enrollment, and over 91,000 had a cumulative (continuous) enrollment of at least one year. Network Partners provide data to the Analytic Center in summary form via distributed query. Results are aggregated and shared with partners. IMEDS can be used to support activities including utilization studies, natural history studies, active surveillance programs, post-market requirement or commitment studies, and Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy assessments. Stakeholders who leverage the IMEDS Network benefit from its large, national sample, scientific expertise, and experience leveraging the FDA Sentinel tools to conduct pharmacoepidemiologic activities.

Lateral root (LR) formation is critical for plant growth. ROS (reactive oxygen species), especially hydrogen peroxide, play important role in LR formation. While the role of superoxide anion in primordia in LR formation is still unclear. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria), as a potent ROS scavenger, are widely used in plants in terms of maintaining ROS homeostasis to improve stress tolerance. Whether ROS scavenging nanomaterials can promote LR formation or not and how to use ROS scavenging nanomaterials to study the role of ROS in LR formation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of three types of nanoceria—poly (acrylic acid) nanoceria (PNC, 6.5 nm, -36 mV), aminated nanoceria (ANC, 6.9 nm, 30 mV), and bulk nanoceria (BNC, 84.9 nm, -5.5 mV)—on LR development in Arabidopsis. Only PNC promoted LR formation, increasing LR numbers by 73.5%. Compared to control plants, PNC-treated Arabidopsis showed reduction in root H 2O 2 levels (up to 90.44%), alongside decreasing in superoxide anions (O 2 .─) and the changes of O 2 .─ distribution in LR primordia (LRP). Furthermore, DPI (diphenyleneiodonium, O 2 .─ inhibitor) treatment decreased LR numbers by 18.9%, while PNC treatment reversed this inhibition (12.25 ± 0.53 vs 8.38 ± 0.52). Transcriptome analysis revealed that PNC promoted LR development in Arabidopsis by modulating ROS metabolism and homeostasis, primarily through the regulation of ROS-related genes such as peroxiredoxins, peroxidases, and glutathione transferases. Interestingly, PNC treatment did not affect auxin distribution in Arabidopsis roots, as confirmed by DR5pro::GFP transgenic lines. Additionally, PNC did not alleviate the inhibition of LR formation caused by NPA (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid, an auxin transport inhibitor). These findings suggest that PNC enhances LR formation through ROS modulation rather than auxin signaling.

Calderón preconditioners for the global multi-trace Poggio-Miller-Chang-Harrington-Wu-Tsai (PMCHWT) like formulation for the vector potential are presented. The technique is applicable to multi-domain structures containing multi-material junctions and possibly both PEC and homogeneous domains. A domain diagonal and a trace-type diagonal preconditioner are compared, which both show an iteration count independent of the mesh density in a global multi-trace configuration. The trace kind diagonal preconditioner is modified to obtain low-frequency stable results, whereas the domain-diagonal preconditioner is automatically low-frequency stable. The number of iterations for the Calderón preconditioned multi-trace vector potential integral equations is not affected by the low-frequency and the dense-discretization breakdown, making the proposed preconditioners an excellent modeling tool to compute the fields over a broad spectrum of frequencies and meshes.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Rationale: Neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) frequently experience central airway abnormalities, including tracheobronchomalacia, which persist post-surgical repair. However, these complications often remain underdiagnosed due to reliance on symptomatic evaluation and limited use of bronchoscopy. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a non-invasive, three-dimensional method to assess airway dynamics and evaluate tracheobronchomalacia. Objectives: To quantify changes in central airway morphology and dynamics before and after surgical diaphragmatic repair in neonates with CDH using UTE MRI. Methods: This study examined neonates with CDH admitted between 2015-2020 who underwent both pre- and post-surgical UTE MRI. Airway dynamics were assessed using respiratory-gated radial three-dimensional UTE images at four breathing phases. Three-dimensional airway surfaces were generated from the cricoid to the main bronchi. Changes from pre- to post-surgery in cross-sectional areas, dynamic collapse, and eccentricity index were analyzed. Results: Six neonates with left-sided CDH were included. Following surgery, tracheal minimum eccentricity index at end expiration decreased significantly (0.68±0.06 to 0.53±0.15, p=0.023), indicating increased collapse. The ipsilateral bronchus demonstrated similar changes, with eccentricity index decreasing significantly from 0.65±0.04 to 0.55±0.11 (p=0.048), while the contralateral bronchus remained stable. Mean tracheal cross-sectional area decreased from 22.7±6.1 mm 2 to 19.1±3.1 mm 2 (p=0.115), while dynamic motion increased from 21±7% to 40±15% (p=0.055). Conclusions: Neonates with CDH have significant central airway abnormalities pre-surgery, which persists and may worsen post-repair, particularly in the trachea and ipsilateral bronchus. These findings suggest tracheobronchomalacia is an underrecognized component of CDH. Integrating airway assessment into surgical planning could improve post-operative outcomes.

Background: Preschool children with refractory respiratory symptoms often undergo diagnostic bronchoscopy. The objective of this retrospective analysis was to analyze BAL fluid findings regarding bacterial colonization, cytology and following treatment changes. Moreover, we aimed to correlate bacterial colonization of the airways to allergic sensitization status, asthma severity, vaccination titers and comorbidities like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Methods: In a retrospective analysis, the electronic medical records of 355 children aged 1 to 5 years between 2010 and 2019 who underwent bronchoscopy and further diagnostic testing for persistent respiratory symptoms were analyzed. Results: In 214 children (61.7%) a bacterium was found by culture in the BAL fluid. Of these, 105 (49%) received antibiotic treatment. The most common bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis (34%, 25% and 16%). There was a significant difference between neutrophil counts in bacteria positive vs. bacteria negative BAL (29.2 + 28.1 % vs. 21.2 + 25.4 %, p=0.02). Children lacking sufficient S. pneumoniae antibodies had significantly more often positive S. pneumoniae cultures in BAL (28.3% vs. 12.8%; p=0.0024). GERD was detected in a total of 115 children (32%) and 9 (2.8%) were diagnosed with EoE Conclusion: Bronchoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool in persistent respiratory symptoms in preschoolers. Bacterial colonization of the airways is common and airway neutrophils were significantly higher in colonized airways. In many bronchoscopies, results were obtained that led to a change in therapy. Moreover, testing for adequate pneumococcal titers is reasonable in children with persistent respiratory symptoms.

A document by Xiran Li. Click on the document to view its contents.

• First attempt in estimating the burden of illness of moderate/severe menopause-related vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in Denmark. • Many assumptions taken from the literature in lack of robust epidemiological data. • The estimated prevalence of women with moderate/severe VMS ranges from 72-85,000 • With an average productivity loss of 12.2% per person, the production loss amounts to 3.6 to 4.3 billion DKK/year, depending on the amount of symptom relief already used. • The quality-of-life implications are substantial and in parity with some severe conditions. • There is a great lack in research on menopause and their effect on the society.

Objective: To compare pre-pregnancy risk factors associated with severe preeclampsia/eclampsia (SPE) and/or HELLP syndrome among singleton versus twin pregnancies. Design: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Setting: British Columbia (BC), Canada. Population: All pregnancies with singletons or twins that resulted in a stillbirth or live birth at ≥20 weeks’ gestation from 2008/09 to 2020/21. Methods: Data were obtained from the BC Perinatal Database Registry. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between each risk factor (e.g., body-mass-index (BMI), in-vitro-fertilization (IVF), chronic hypertension, and diabetes) and SPE/HELLP, as well as the modifying effect of plurality. Main Outcome Measures: Severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and/or HELLP syndrome. Results: Among 563,252 pregnancies (8,841 twin, 554,411 singleton), the rate of SPE/HELLP was 4.7 per 1,000 singleton pregnancies and 31.1 per 1,000 twin pregnancies (relative risk 6.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.84-7.49). Older maternal age (≥35 years), nulliparity, pre-pregnancy and gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, prior mental health problems, substance use during pregnancy and prior stillbirth increased the odds, while smoking decreased the odds of SPE/HELLP among both singletons and twins. However, the adjusted associations between BMI, IVF, prior abortions and SPE/HELLP differed by plurality: IVF and high BMI were associated with elevated risks in singleton pregnancies but not in twins, while a history of prior abortions was associated with decreased risk in twin but not singleton pregnancies. Conclusions: High BMI and IVF are associated with elevated risk of SPE/HELLP syndrome in singleton pregnancies, but not in twin pregnancies. This study provides insights regarding SPE/HELLP syndrome among singleton and twin pregnancies, and useful information for pre-pregnancy counselling.

As a third-generation photovoltaic technology, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved record-breaking power conversion efficiencies (PCEs >26%) alongside industrial-grade operational stability, yet their commercialization hinges on resolving scale-up bottlenecks in monolithic module (PSM) fabrication. This study pioneers a data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework to evaluate 12 industrial PSM designs by quantifying manufacturing inputs (material costs, process steps) against performance outputs (PCE, degradation resistance). Results identify Pareto-optimal candidates (DMUs with CTE=1) that simultaneously achieve <5¢ W -1 production costs and roll-to-roll process compatibility, directly aligning with U.S. DOE’s photovoltaic cost roadmaps. By bridging materials innovation and high-throughput manufacturing metrics, this work establishes actionable guidelines to accelerate GW-year -1 deployment of PSMs while maintaining stoichiometric adaptability.