High-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers are crucial for stealthy unmanned aerial vehicles. Herein, cobalt ferrite was in-situ growth on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and then impregnated with SiO 2 to synthesize a CoFe 2O 4/MWCNT/SiO 2 (CFMS) composite layer, and finally, CFMS was hot-pressed with Balsa veneer to prepare a multi-layer radar absorption structure (MRAS). By varying the molar ratios of Co/Fe and the number of impregnations, abundant heterogeneous interfaces and multiple loss mechanisms can be generated, resulting in excellent EMW absorption for MRAS. The MRAS is investigated to exhibit excellent performance with a minimum reflection loss (RL min) of -37 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.6 GHz at a thickness of 3 mm. On one hand, the microscopically precise adjustment can significantly enhance the polarization relaxation and conduction loss capabilities, thus improving the electromagnetic energy dissipation efficiency; on the other hand, the multi-layer structural composites on the macroscopic level can synergistically optimize the impedance matching and reduce the reflections while promoting the multilevel scattering. Meanwhile, this multi-layer network structure makes the mechanical properties of the material significantly improved, with the elastic modulus (E b) and fracture toughness (δ b) of 5973.79 MPa and 46.49%, fully reflecting the design advantages of the structural-functional integration.

Objective: To evaluate the critical role of time in perimortem caesarean section (PMCS) outcomes and reinforce simulation-based preparedness. Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting: Tertiary referral centre in Northern India. Population: Pregnant women with cardiac arrest >20 weeks’ gestation from Jan 2020 to Dec 2024. Methods: Retrospective chart review of 20 cases undergoing PMCS. Time from cardiac arrest to surgical intervention, survival outcomes, comorbidities, and gestational age were analysed. Outcomes were stratified based on early (<5 min) vs late (>5 min) intervention. Main Outcome Measures: Maternal and fetal survival rates in relation to intervention timing. Results: Early intervention improved maternal survival (28.6% vs 15.4%) and fetal survival (100% vs 61.5%). Timing was significantly associated with fetal outcome (AUC 0.733), though maternal outcomes were influenced by multiple factors. Conclusions: Early PMCS within 5 minutes significantly enhances fetal outcomes and potentially maternal outcomes. Simulation drills and dedicated emergency teams are critical in bridging the preparedness gap.

Objectives: To estimate the impact of differentiating between persistent and new HPV infections on the colposcopy referral rate in HPV-positive triage-negative women. Design: secondary analyses from a multicentric randomized clinical trial Setting: five Italian cervical cancer screening programs Population: 1,540 women enrolled in the NTCC2 trial, who were baseline HPV-DNA-positive and genotyped by the Onclarity HPV assay, without CIN2+ at baseline, and with a cervicovaginal sample collected at 1-year retesting. Methods: Comparing the genotyping results at baseline and 1-year retesting, we defined the outcomes as: persistent infections (at least one common genotype between baseline and 1-year retesting specimens) and new infections (positivity for different genotypes at retesting, with no baseline genotypes detected). Main Outcome Measures: proportions of persistent and new infections; reduction of colposcopy referral due to not referring new infections. Results: 613 women still HPV-DNA positive at 1-year retesting were genotyped and 556 were Onclarity-positive at both baseline and retesting: 488 (79.6%) had persistent infections, while 68 (11.1%) had new ones. Overall, 11 CIN3 were diagnosed at 1 year, all among women with persistent infections. If an alternative management strategy, rather than immediate colposcopy, was considered for women with new infections, and knowing that, in the Italian screening programs, 1-year retesting accounts for about 60% of colposcopies, the total colposcopy referral rate could be reduced by approximately 7%. Conclusions: The use of extended genotyping to differentiate new and persistent infections has the potential to reduce the colposcopy burden.

Adjusting the planting structure, as a key intervention in agricultural ecosystems, plays a vital role in enhancing ecosystem service value (ESV) and improving system functionality. This study evaluated the farmland ecosystem service value (FESV) of Chinese counties using the equivalent factor method, and analyzed the spatio-temporal differentiation of planting structure and FESV. Spatial correlation tests confirmed the spatial dependence and heterogeneity between the two. The single-region and two-region spatial models were employed to examine the direct effects of planting structure on FESV, as well as its spillover gradients and underlying mechanisms. The results showed that: (1) The planting structure of China’s three major grains generally exhibited a pattern “higher in the east and lower in the west”, while FESV distribution aligned with the “Heihe-Tengchong Line”, with the highest contribution from regulating functions, followed by provisioning, supporting, and cultural functions. (2) Both planting structure and FESV displayed significant spatial agglomeration. Adjusting the planting structure not only improved local FESV but also affected neighboring regions through spillover effects, primarily manifesting as negative competitive effects. (3) The two-region model revealed consistent positive FESV spillover effects across various regions, including “National Key Ecological Function Area”, “China’s Major Grain Producing Area”, and “National Urban Agglomerations”, though with notable asymmetry between regions. (4) The spillover effects on FESV were especially pronounced in areas with lower grain-planting proportions. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the ecological benefits of planting structure adjustments and its asymmetric spillover effects, to ensure the health and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems, to promote mutually beneficial economic and environmental cooperation between regions.

Utilizing multi-source remote sensing data and the optimized Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Chem model, this research investigated the four-dimensional spatio-temporal dynamics of dust concentration in Northwest China, and then further explored the effectiveness of circle structure of desert oasis area and structure of shelterbelts system in preventing wind and blocking dust in Ulan Buh desert oasis. The results revealed that the correlation coefficients between simulated outcomes and field observations ranged from 0.75 to 0.90, indicating a reliable method for dust concentration simulation. The spatial distribution of dust concentration in Northwest China exhibited a pattern characterized by ”three-point outbreaks, four-direction extension, and aggregated diffusion”. Furthermore, the dust concentration was higher in spring compared to winter, and it diminished with increasing height in the vertical profile. In winter, higher dust concentrations were observed in western high-latitude areas, whereas in spring, the western low-latitude regions had higher dust concentration. In the transition zone of desert oasis, shrubs had minimal impact on wind and dust, reducing wind speeds by just 0.2 to 0.5 m/s. In contrast, shelterbelts significantly influenced wind and dust, with multi-row shelterbelts reducing wind speeds by 1.02 to 1.77 m/s and blocking daily dust by up to 2.38 mg·m⁻³. Combining multi-row shelterbelts with single or double rows could reduce wind speed by up to 4 m/s and block daily dust by up to 6.02 mg·m⁻³. Because of their vertical construction and effect on airflow, shelterbelts were effective in trapping dust at heights exceeding 50 meters.

Yellow monkeyflowers (Mimulus guttatus complex, Phrymaceae) are a powerful system for studying ecological adaptation, reproductive variation, and genome evolution. To initiate pan-genomics in this group, we present four chromosome-scale assemblies and annotations of accessions spanning a broad evolutionary spectrum: two from a single M. guttatus population, one from the closely related selfing species M. nasutus, and one from a more divergent species M. tilingii. All assemblies are highly complete and resolve centromeric and repetitive regions. Comparative analyses reveal such extensive structural variation in repeat-rich, gene-poor regions that large portions of the genome are unalignable across accessions. As a result, this Mimulus pan-genome is primarily informative in genic regions, underscoring limitations of resequencing approaches in such polymorphic taxa. We document gene presence–absence, investigate the recombination landscape using high-resolution linkage data, and quantify nucleotide diversity. Surprisingly, pairwise differences at fourfold synonymous sites are exceptionally high — even in regions of very low recombination — reaching ~3.2% within a single M. guttatus population, ~7% within the interfertile M. guttatus species complex (exceeding total diversity across all simian primates), and ~7.4% between that complex and the reproductively isolated M. tilingii. Genome-wide patterns of nucleotide variation show little evidence of linked selection, and instead suggest that the concentration of genes (and likely selected sites) in high-recombination regions may buffer diversity loss. These assemblies, annotations, and comparative analyses provide a robust genomic foundation for Mimulus research and offer new insights into the interplay of recombination, structural variation, and molecular evolution in highly diverse plant genomes.

As larger particles require more energy for transport, grain size is a key indicator for the magnitude of geohazards and other depositional processes. However, sample size requirements and laborious laboratory procedures limit our ability to extract this information at human-relevant (years to decades) timescales. The emergence of non-destructive and high-resolution core scanning techniques offer a solution to upscale measurements by mapping grain size-sensitive parameters at μm instead of cm scales. These include X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) – tracking variations in elemental geochemistry that are often linked to mineral grain size, and Computed Tomography (CT) – capturing differences in density that control size sorting during deposition. Recent work demonstrates that these relations can be captured with linear regression fits, thus paving the way for predictive grain-size modelling approaches. Here, we expand on this work by assessing the potential of CT greyscale density data as a predictor. To do so, we developed a controlled experiment using synthetic sediment records (phantoms) – varying grain size, geochemistry, as well as two major sources of noise: organic and water content. Our results show that CT data can be used as a sole predictor, especially in cases where a homogenous mineralogy limits the use of XRF geochemistry-based approaches. Applications on natural sediment cores containing reworked volcaniclastics confirm these findings under real-world conditions, and highlight the complementarity of CT and XRF data. Finally, we present a code-free web-based workflow to make the presented grain-size prediction approach readily accessible to the wider geoscience community.

Granular avalanches exhibit striking parallels to natural geophysical flows, including debris flows, landslides, and pyroclastic flows, whose instability, rheology, and deposition morphology are governed by particle-scale dynamics and bulk interactions within granular systems. To rigorously investigate fluid-particle coupling in such multiphase environments, this study employs integrated lattice Boltzmann-discrete element method (LB-DEM) simulations to analyze the collapse of buoyant granular columns in subaqueous settings. The insights gained are extended to elucidate the behavior of large-scale geophysical flows, such as volcanic cloud propagation and submarine gravity currents. Notably, the dynamics of buoyant granular flows are shown to follow a scaling relationship analogous to that observed in the 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcanic plume. This scaling transition signifies a dual regime shift, occurring both within the granular phase and at the interstitial fluid-grain interface. By incorporating buoyancy effects where the particle density is lower than the ambient fluid, this work advances existing scaling laws for granular column collapses. Furthermore, the results provide critical insights into the multiphase physics that governs airborne geophysical flows, bridging microscale interactions to macroscale flow behaviors in natural and industrial contexts.

Land surface temperature (LST) serves as a fundamental metric for assessing land-atmosphere interactions and is increasingly recognized for its importance in diverse disciplines such as climatology, public health, and energy resource management. This research investigates the variability of LST in the Patna district, utilizing data from the Land satellite (LANDSAT), also recognized as the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS), alongside the Google Earth Engine (GEE), which employs machine learning algorithms for analysis. Moreover, the study aims to ascertain the LST specific to the Patna district and to elucidate the relationship and correlation between LST and the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) to enhance land-use planning and environmental management within the urban context. The NDBI is derived through the application of machine learning techniques and satellite-derived data. The GEE platform facilitates streamlined access to all satellite datasets and incorporates a JavaScript-based algorithm for the examination of LST correlations with the built-up areas. The current investigation has been conducted utilizing Landsat datasets covering a three-month period during the summer quartile, specifically in April, May, and June for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2022, and 2023. The findings indicate that LST exhibits a positive correlation with NDBI.

Biochar, as a new type of soil amendment, has attracted the interest of many researchers in promoting soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation. However, its dose-dependent microbial regulation mechanisms in highly acidic soils (pH=3.92) remain poorly quantified. This eight-year field study systematically investigated how biochar application rates (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 t ha -1) modulate SOC dynamics through microbial restructuring in a subtropical tea plantation ecosystem. Soil samples were collected from plots and the soil chemical properties, content of SOC, DOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil bacterial community were analyzed. The results indicated that compared with CK, with the increase of biochar amounts, soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and C/N increased by 0.1-0.4, -10.7-39.9 g kg -1, -21.1-17.8 g kg -1 and 4.1% -35.1% respectively, soil electrical conductivity (EC) decreased by 17.7-27.9. SOC and MBC increased by 0.2% -78.9% and 46.8% -115.9%, respectively, while DOC decreased by 0.9% -8.2%. Microbial carbon efficiency: MBC/SOC ratio peaked at BC10 (+108.9%, p<0.05), leaching mitigation: DOC/SOC ratio decreased by 42.75% (BC40, p<0.05). Biochar promoted a significant increase in the Shannon and Chao indices of microorganisms in terms of microbial community. Diversity enhancement: shannon index: +0.32 (BC20, p<0.05), chao richness: +39.91% (BC20, p<0.05). Overall, the application of biochar increased the relative abundance of Subgroup_2, Xanthomonaceae, JG30-KF-AS9, KF-JG30-C25, Acidimicrobiia, Bryobacter, and Bradyrhizobiu genera, while decreased the relative abundance of Acidothermus, Elsterales, Bacillus, Gaiellales, WPS-2, Mycobacterium, Acidibacter and Conexibacter genera. Structural equation modeling revealed: direct biochar effects (β=3.0) > indirect mediation (β=1.6), positive feedback dominance (3.32:1 ratio). Biochar establishes a self-reinforcing carbon sequestration loop in acidic soils through: pH-mediated suppression of acidophilic decomposers (-Δ21.43% Acidothermus), selective enrichment of oligotrophic strategists (+Δ17.6% Bryobacter), microbial carbon pump efficiency (MBC/SOC) increased 2.0-fold.

Many large hydrogen storage tanks worldwide are constructed from metastable austenitic stainless steel; however, their fracture properties remain insufficiently understood. This is due to the complex conditions to which the material is subjected, including hydrogen embrittlement, extreme cryogenic environments, and strain-induced martensitic transformation. The present study focuses on assessing the effects of temperature and pre-strain on fracture toughness, aiming to provide a comprehensive evaluation of material performance under these conditions. Ten different pre-strain conditions were investigated, along with two environmental conditions: immersion in liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen. The results indicate a marked decrease in the fracture toughness parameter, J R, with increasing pre-strain in both environments. To quantitatively assess the pre-strain effects, a model based on HRR singularity was proposed. This model allows for the analytical expression of pre-strain dependence through three physically meaningful hyperparameters. The experimental data and the proposed model are expected to contribute to the safety assessment of hydrogen storage tanks, particularly in the context of deformation caused by seismic events and other external stresses.

：Soil retention services are critical for mitigating erosion and maintaining ecological stability. In the Loess Plateau, spatial zoning of these services supports targeted ecological management and sustainable development. However, the effects of spatial statistical unit scale on zoning outcomes remain underexplored, limiting the accuracy of region-specific strategies. To address this, we developed a spatial zoning indicator system for soil retention services based on the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework. Integrating Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM), Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP), and K-means clustering, we conducted zoning across three spatial units—grid cells, watersheds, and county-level regions. Our analysis revealed that zoning outcomes differ significantly in zone number, distribution, and clustering patterns across scales. Natural factors dominate zoning at grid and watershed levels, while socio-economic factors are more influential at the county level. Using a multivariate stratified geographical detector, we found that the watershed scale achieved the highest zoning quality. Additionally, machine learning models indicated significant spatial heterogeneity in the contribution and direction of key influencing factors at the watershed scale. These findings highlight the scale-dependent nature of soil retention service mechanisms and the need for differentiated management strategies. Our framework offers a new approach for analyzing and managing ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau and similar ecologically sensitive regions.

Land vacancy during the processes of urban shrinkage and expansion is a major global urbanization challenge. However, research on the persistence of urban vacant land (UVL) is limited. This study analyzes the persistence characteristics of UVL at the parcel scale in Chongqing, China, and explores its spatiotemporal evolution patterns and driving mechanisms, using persistence cycle identification model, spatiotemporal cube, random forest, and high spatiotemporal resolution remote sensing imagery (2014–2024).The key findings are as follows: (1) There are 1,393 vacant parcels in Chongqing during 2014–2024, with an average duration of 6.67 years. Their total area is 5,127.73 hectares, accounting for 7.37% of Chongqing’s built-up area. (2) The spatiotemporal evolution of UVL aligns with urban spatial expansion, that supporting the wave - like circular succession hypothesis of UVL. (3) Urban construction, socio-economics, natural environment, and parcel characteristics differentially impact the persistence cycles of EVL and SVL. Interactions between natural environmental and parcel characteristic factors notably enhance their explanatory powers on vacancy duration. The “time-space-society” framework and persistence cycle identification model introduced here are hopefully to advance the formation and evolution process research of UVL, and offering robust theoretical and methodological support for its subsequent optimization and spatial governance.

Soil bacterial communities are central to nutrient cycling and fertility, yet the long-term ecological consequences of converting forest to orchard systems remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impacts of forest-to-orchard land-use conversion and prolonged orchard cultivation (9 and 16 years) on soil nutrient dynamics and bacterial community structure in a subtropical red soil hilly region of southern China. Soil physicochemical properties, bacterial community composition, co-occurrence networks, and predicted metabolic pathways were analyzed to assess microbial responses. Land-use conversion significantly increased soil nutrient availability, especially available phosphorus, which reached 298.86 mg·kg -1 in the 16-year orchard. Orchard establishment also shifted bacterial community composition, with Proteobacteria becoming more abundant and Acidobacteria declining. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed initially more complex microbial interactions in orchard soils, including the emergence of Verrucomicrobiota taxa absent from forest soils, but network complexity declined after 16 years of cultivation. Soil organic matter and available phosphorus were key drivers of changes in community structure. Predicted functional profiles indicated a clear metabolic shift from nutrient-conserving pathways (e.g., organic nitrogen degradation prevalent in forest soils) to enhanced biosynthesis and fermentation pathways in orchard soils. This shift reflects a transition in microbial strategy from resource-conserving to fast-cycling under prolonged cultivation. Overall, these findings highlight the strong influence of land-use change and soil nutrient status on microbial community assembly and function, and underscore the need for nutrient-sensitive management to sustain soil health and ecosystem services in orchard systems.

Astrocytic calcium (Ca2+) signaling is required for the long-lasting facilitatory action of endocannabinoids (eCB) upon transmitter release from pyramidal hippocampal neurons, a form of long-term potentiation (LTP) known as eCB-LTP, which does not involve NMDA receptors (NMDAR). Astrocytic type one cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) are also required for “classical” forms of LTP but whether astrocytic Ca2+ signaling is a requisite this action of CB1R is poorly known. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) modulates CB1R activity in neurons, but the consequences of the astrocytic Ca2+ signaling for the A1R-CB1R crosstalk and its impact in LTP are also unknown. Thus, we aimed at evaluating whether CB1R-mediated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling impacts theta-burst-induced LTP at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses and how it is affected by A1R. We used IP3R2-KO mice, which lack IP3R2-mediated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling, in comparison with wild-type littermates (IP3R2-WT). We show that while the absence of IP3R2-mediated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling does not impact LTP, it does reduce the protein levels of NMDAR-NR2B subunit. Exogenous activation or blockade of CB1R reduced LTP in IP3R2-WT mice, while in IP3R2-KO mice LTP levels were not significantly affected by CB1R activation. Blocking A1R reduced LTP in both IP3R2-WT and IP3R2-KO mice, and prevented the inhibition caused by exogenous CB1R activation in IP3R2-WT mice but not in IP3R2-KO mice. Our data demonstrates that the inhibition of hippocampal LTP by exogenous CB1R activation requires astrocytic calcium signaling, which also play a role in the CB1R/A1R interaction. This work thus adds novel partners to synaptic plasticity modulation by cannabinoids.

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have attracted increasing interest for their use as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their microporous structures and robust conjugated networks. In this work, two novel CMPs containing thiophene and phenylacetylene were synthesized for their use as anode materials for LIBs. Doped thiophene and phenylacetylene greatly enhance interactions between electron-rich organic frameworks and Li +, endowing both TTB-TEB and TTB-DEB outstanding electrochemical performance. Notably, TTB-TEB exhibit superior performance by virtue of their higher specific surface area, more stable π-conjugated framework and more highly crosslinked porous structure compared with TTB-DEB. Specifically, TTB-TEB has a capacity as high as 620 mA h g -1 at 2000 mA g -1 after 1000 cycles, and an ultrahigh capacity retention of 454 mA h g -1 at 5000 mA g -1 after 1000 cycles. The research results are great improvements for CMPs-base anodes, meanwhile this work provides valuable experience in the rational design of CMPs for next-generation energy storage devices.

Our previous study showed that Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) could significantly increase the platelet number in mice with radiation-induced myelosuppression but the specific mechanism had not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of H2S on megakaryocytes (MKs) differentiation and apoptosis, then speculate the role of H2S in Thrombopoiesis. Here we selected MEG01 and DAMI cell lines as the research objects. Then the effects of H2S on MK differentiation and apoptosis were comprehensively explored from various aspects such as the changes of cell surface markers, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, protein phosphorylation of signaling pathways, transcriptome difference and enrichment analysis as well as transcription factor changes, in order to find out whether H2S can promotes platelet release by affecting MKs differentiation and apoptosis. Results showed that H2S could promote the transformation of MKs cell cycle from G0/G1 phase to S phase, which was conductive to DNA replication and promoted MKs apoptosis, and it’s pro-apoptosis role on MEG01 is depended on Caspase 3; H2S could significantly increase the expression of GATA-1 and Fli-1, which are related to MKs differentiation and mitosis, and H2S could increase the expression of NF-E2, which is related to platelet-formation. Altogether, our finding indicate that H2S can promote MKs differentiation and apoptosis, which are related to platelet-formation.

A document by Ramesh Basnet. Click on the document to view its contents.

Title PageType of Article – Case ReportTitle – Phagocytosis In Multiple Myeloma: The Vagaries Of Deviant Plasma CellsRunning title – Phagocytosis in myelomaAuthors – Sarah John, Sarthak Sinha, Debdatta BasuAffiliations 00021. Sarah John – Junior Resident, Email – kuksarah94@gmail.com, ORCID 0009 0002 4253 51612. Sarthak Sinha – MBBS Intern, E mail – sarthaksinha74@gmail.com, ORCID 0000 0002 8084 39853. Debdatta Basu – Professor, Email -ddbasu@gmail.com, ORCID 0000 0001 5096 1406

Single-copy orthologs are often used to reconstruct phylogenetic trees of life. One can prepare a set of single-copy orthologs by building a new database including the species/strains of interest and performing a homology search, but these steps are time-consuming if working with a large number of samples. To solve this problem, we need more efficient and practical approaches. Here we developed a new pipeline called CUSCO, which reconstructs a phylogenetic tree from the genome sequences of desired samples plus a reference set of protein sequences. The pipeline is implemented with a function to identify a minimal set of genes to reconstruct a species tree, which is comparable to the one reconstructed from single-copy orthologs. Compared to the existing software, the CUSCO pipeline finishes in a shorter time in reconstructing a species tree.

A document by Qiaoyun Zuo. Click on the document to view its contents.

The advent of quantum computing poses a paradigm-shifting threat to classical cryptographic systems that underpin global digital security. As quantum processors advance towards practical scalability, previously secure encryption schemesparticularly those based on integer factorization (e.g., RSA) and discrete logarithm problems (e.g., ECC and DH)-are rendered vulnerable due to quantum algorithms like Shor's and Grover's. This paper critically examines the implications of quantum computing for contemporary cryptographic frameworks and explores the urgent need to transition toward quantum-resistant alternatives. We begin by analyzing the computational capabilities of quantum systems and their impact on symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms. The study delves into the principles of postquantum cryptography (PQC), including lattice-based, hash-based, code-based, multivariate polynomial, and supersingular isogeny cryptography, evaluating their strengths, implementation challenges, and resistance to quantum attacks. Additionally, we assess ongoing global initiatives such as NIST's post-quantum cryptography standardization project, highlighting their role in shaping future security infrastructures. The paper also considers hybrid cryptographic models and quantum key distribution (QKD) as transitional and long-term security strategies. By rethinking security from both theoretical and practical standpoints, this study emphasizes the need for immediate and collaborative action across academia, industry, and government sectors to future-proof digital communication systems against the looming quantum threat.

La convergencia entre presión presupuestaria en sanidad (los sistemas europeos dedican 9-12% del PIB a salud, según Eurostat) y objetivos de economía circular (UE busca 50% reducción de residuos médicos para 2030) impulsa este mercado. Datos clave: Crecimiento acelerado: 13,4% CAGR 2021-2029 (Exactitude Consultancy), superando al mercado de equipos nuevos (4,2% CAGR). Segmentación por tecnología: Imagenología (TAC, RM) lidera con 38% del mercado, seguido de equipos de monitorización (24%) y cirugía (19%). Actores principales: OEMs (30% cuota), terceros especializados (45%), hospitales con talleres propios (25%). Ejemplo práctico: El programa "ecoline" de Siemens reacondiciona angiográficos Artis Zee reduciendo costos en 62%, con actualización de paneles táctiles y software Syngo Via. 2. Ingeniería del Reacondicionamiento: El proceso técnico integra siete fases validadas por ISO 13485:

The growing demand for efficient and reliable human-robot collaboration (HRC) in industrial environments has driven the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) and real-time robotic control systems. This paper presents an AR-enabled HRC system where operators use Almer Arc2 AR headsets to issue voice commands that control the movement of the xArm 7 robotic arm. The system leverages ROS 2 and MoveIt for motion planning, augmented by a decision tree-based optimization model for trajectory calculation. A key performance metric, response time, is evaluated to assess the system’s efficiency in translating voice commands into precise robotic actions. Experimental results show a mean response time of 1.45 seconds, indicating stable and rapid responses suitable for real-time industrial applications. The system’s accuracy and repeatability were also confirmed, with minimal variations in pick and drop locations, demonstrating high precision in task execution. These findings highlight the system’s potential to enhance workflow efficiency, reduce cognitive load on operators, and ensure seamless interaction between human and robot. By integrating intuitive AR interfaces and real-time feedback, this study contributes to advancing intelligent and adaptable human-robot workspaces for industrial automation.