In this work, the concepts of quantum derivative and quantum integral are renamed to be the left quantum derivative and the left de…nite quantum integral. Symmetrically to the left, a new quantum derivative (the right) and de…nite quantum integral (the right) are de…ned. Some properties of these new concepts are investigated and as well as according todo these new concepts some inaccuracies in quantum integral inequalities are corrected. Moreover, some new quantum Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities are established.

Determination of erosion characteristics is of great significance to assess the stability of geotechnical infrastructures that are subjected to seepage. Hole erosion tests (HETs) are the popular and simple laboratory measurements that have been used to determine erosion characteristics. These tests are indicative of the quantity of soil loss in term of internal erosion that can occur during seepage. It is noted that there are not many studies that focus on the development of theoretical model describing the erosion process (i.e. sediment detachment and transport) in HETs. The aim of this study is to propose a theoretical model based on Bernoulli’s principle to interpret the erosion measurements from HETs and employ the results for estimating erosion characteristics of soils. An analytical equation was deduced from a physically based model incorporating Bernoulli’s principle and erosion constitutive law for internal erosion within a soil pipe driven by pressure gradient. The analytical equation could be applied to determine the temporal development of eroded soil loss, radial erosion propagation, erosion rate, hydraulic shear stress, and pressure drop. The utility of proposed analytical solution was validated using a series of HETs performed in this study. Based on the novel analytical solution, erosion characteristics could be derived from the known realistic propagation of radial erosion.

In this paper, we investigate the wellposedness of the non-isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes/Allen-Cahn system with the heat-conductivity proportional to a positive power of the temperature. This system describes the flow of a two-phase immiscible heat-conducting viscous compressible mixture. The phases are allowed to shrink or grow due to changes of density in the fluid and incorporates their transport with the current. We established the global existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for this system in 1-D, which means no phase separation, vacuum, shock wave, mass or heat or phase concentration will be developed in finite time, although the motion of the two-phase immiscible flow has large oscillations and the interaction between the hydrodynamic and phase-field effects is complex. Our result can be regarded as a natural generalization of the Kazhikhov-Shelukhin’s result ([Kazhikhov-Shelukhin. J. Appl. Math. Mech. 41 (1977)]) for the compressible single-phase flow with constant heat conductivity to the non-isentropic compressible immiscible two-phase flow with degenerate and nonlinear heat conductivity.

An epidemiological model is proposed to analyze the COVID-19 epidemics when control interventions are being applied to reduce the speed of the disease. The analyzed model includes parameters that describe control strategies such as behavioral changes of susceptible individuals to reduce the transmission of the disease, rates of diagnosis of the infectious individuals, and other control measures as cleaning and disinfection of contaminated environments. The proposed model is calibrated using Bayesian statistics and the official cumulative confirmed cases for COVID-19 in Mexico. We show which public health strategies contribute the most to the variation of $R_0$. A central result is the fact that the peak of the epidemics can drastically be changed depending on the time when the control strategies are introduced

Obituary PBC Dr Pat Morris JonesDr Morris Jones who was President of SIOP in 1980/81 died on March 16 2020 at the age of 87. She was one of the first doctors in the UK to specialise in the care of children with cancer and over her 40 year career from 1953 to 1993 she saw survival rates improve from cancer being mainly a fatal disease to one where there was a real chance of cure with more than half of children surviving. She was an only child ,born in Oswestry ,close to the border with Wales. She trained in medicine at the Royal Free Medical School in London and found her way to Manchester to specialise in paediatrics. There she came under the influence of Basil Marsden, a paediatric pathologist and Dr Dorothy Pearson a radiotherapist. In 1954 Marsden had established the world’s first population based children’s malignant disease registry which became a prototype for registries all over the world. Dr Pearson was a founding member of SIOP and its second president. In the late 50s and early 60s the only real treatments available were surgery and radiotherapy but the emerging success of chemotherapy pioneered in the US, France and Germany led to a need for paediatricians to sub specialise in paediatric oncology. By the time Pat became involved the antagonism towards giving children chemotherapy had largely dissipated but how to use it to best advantage remained to be determined. She took up this challenge and built up one of the largest units in the UK. For many years she was single handed and absolutely dedicated to the care of children. She rarely took a day off. . Before people were talking about evidence based medicine she was adamant that treatment should be given in trials where we could learn what was best for the future. She was especially interested in Wilms’ tumour and very involved in the Medical Research Council embryonal tumour group and in the MRC UKALL trials. In 1977 she helped found the UK Children’s Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) which eventually ensured that all children in the UK with cancer had access to the most up to date treatment. The early involvement of Manchester in the pre chemotherapy era using radiotherapy, and the registry, led her to take a real interest in the late effects of treatment. She had a collection of slides which she used to illustrate the late effects of radiotherapy when given to young children. Failure of skeletal growth could ensue from radiotherapy to growing bones and second malignancies occurred within radiation fields. She became heavily involved with Anna Meadows in Philadelphia in setting up the Late Effects Study Group which received substantial funding from NIH. This work was extended and has been perpetuated by Les Robison and his colleagues and has hugely influenced the design of clinical treatment protocols in recent years. She wrote an influential paper in 1990 entitled Childhood Cancer; Cure at what cost? In which she described the evolution of treatment for childhood cancer from one of cure at any cost to cure at least cost. Her fervent hope was that we would eventually get to a stage of cure at no cost. Pat was an inspirational teacher and leader and many of the young aspiring paediatric oncologists in the 70s turned to her for career advice and then once appointed to a post used her as a source of support and advice on patient management. She was most people’s “phone a friend”.The psychosocial problems faced by both children and parents became much more obvious once potentially curative treatments were being used. Paradoxically parents seemed to be able to cope better with the near certainty of death of their child than with the possibility, but by no means certainty, of long term survival. She worked closely with Peter McGuire, a psychiatrist, and with social workers to define the problems faced by children and their families and devised interventions to try and help. It was clear from the early leukaemia trials, which involved cranial irradiation and brain tumours that endocrine insufficiency was a real problem and she worked closely with Professor Steve Shalet, a paediatric endocrinologist, to not only define what these problems were but also how to follow up and screen survivors. She was always much in demand for conferences once causing consternation in Bruges when, invited to take a shot at the men only archery club she hit the bull’s eye first time. The local tradition was that anyone who did this was invited to become a member.Her retirement at the age of 60 was marked by an enormous party in Manchester Town Hall attended by many of the patients whom she had successfully treated and the parents of many of those who had died. She remembered all of their names. She was short in stature but big in personality, loved clothes and is remembered for her leather skirts and red shoes. In later years her hair was often a shade of blue and always well coiffeured . She was always a straight talker and had lots to say in meetings. She was direct and always had strong opinions. She was once quoted in a national newspaper that money was being wasted on sending children to Disneyland.Throughout her career she loved foreign travel which was often associated with scientific meetings. She built up a wide circle of friends including Anna Meadows, Dan D’Angio, Mark Nesbit and Audrey Evans whom she would call upon to offer training places to her aspiring young colleaguesWhen she retired from clinical work in 1993 she decided to move to London. “As a single lady why would I want to move into a country cottage? Soon after her move to central London she met and married her Italian hairdresser, Alfonso Cassarini, and enjoyed 20 blissful years travelling widely and exploring the capital’s culture.Pat Morris Jones was a forceful and formidable pioneer who always had the best interests of children and their families at the forefront of everything that she did. The incredible survival rates for children with cancer in the present era using treatments which are designed to minimise late effects are built on the shoulders of giants like her who dared to try.Alan CraftTim Eden

Sickle beta + thalassemia (Sβ+) is considered to be a mild form of sickle cell disease (SCD). However, some patients with mild disease can present with osteonecrosis. Here, we present a three-year-old male who presented with acute pain and baseline hemoglobin of 13 g/dL with multifocal osteonecrosis of multiple areas in his vertebrae, pelvis and femurs that improved with partial exchange transfusion and hydroxyurea.

Aviptadil, a synthetic form of human Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) has been granted FDA Fast Track Designation for the treatment of Critical COVID-19 with respiratory failure and is now in phase 2/3 clinical trials, with initial determinations of safety and non-futility. Rapid recovery from Critical COVID-19 with respiratory failure as been seen in multiple patients treated with open label VIP under FDA Emergency Use IND. VIP binds uniquely to receptors on Alveolar Type II cells in the lung, the same cells that bind the SARS-CoV-2 virus via their ACE2 receptors. VIP protects those cells and the surrounding pulmonary epithelium by blocking cytokines, preventing apoptosis, and upregulating the production of surfactant, the loss of which is increasingly implicated in COVID-19 respiratory failure. Because of its lack of toxicity and low cost of manufacture compared to proprietary biologics, VIP may be uniquely attractive to those focused on global countermeasures against COVID-19.

Background The accurate measurement of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is highly dependent on professional experience and adequate visualization. The tissue motion of mitral annular displacement (TMAD) can be easily and quickly assessed using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) for evaluating the LV systolic function, even in patients with poor acoustic windows. Therefore, this study aimed to validate whether LVEF can be estimated using the STE-derived TMAD when LVEF is not available. Methods Four-hundred fifty-six outpatients were consecutively enrolled in this study. An optimized regression model for LVEF-TMAD was developed in the derivation set (n=287), and its reliability was verified in the validation set (n=123) and regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) set (n=46). Results In the derivation set, the power models had the highest F-value, and the power equations were chosen to estimate LVEF according to TMAD in the validation set. Near-zero bias and a narrow range of differences were observed between the observed and estimated LVEF. The highest intra-class correlation coefficient was observed between the observed LVEF and estimated LVEF according to the normalized TMAD at the midpoint of mitral annular (nTMADmid). Moreover, there were no significant differences between the observed and estimated LVEF in the RWMA set. Conclusion The LVEF can be estimated with the STE-derived TMAD using a power equation, even for patients with RWMA, and the nTMADmid may be the optimal parameter. The proposed method may provide a clinically acceptable alternative for evaluating LV systolic function when the direct measurement of LVEF is not available.

As far as prolepsis and treatment of diseases goes, recuperative plants are of specific significance in medication. The after effects of studies and research have indicated that some dynamic elements of recuperative plants are helpful for relief from discomfort and disease; research have additionally demonstrated that some therapeutic herbs have cell reinforcement and mitigating impacts in vitro. The utilization of domisticated medications has seen an extraordinary upsurge all around. In developed nations, many belittle them to a great extent because of social adequacy, accessibility and cost. Lately, be that as it may, there has been a continuous growing concern of usage of such medicinal plants. This has made a circumstance of vacillation in conversations with respect to their utilization. Some therapeutic plants are characteristically dangerous and toxic by virtue of their constituents and can cause antagonistic responses if improperly utilized. Different factors, for example, herb-medicated associations, absence of adherence to great assembling practice, poor administrative measures and contamination may likewise prompt to unhealthy and life threatening circumstances in their utilization. This article is a literature review of five most common medicinal plants which have equally toxic effects if used improperly.

Haemophilia A and B are rare bleeding disorders. Over the past decades, they have been transformed from debilitating diseases to manageable conditions. However, several challenges and unmet needs remain in the treatment of the haemophilia limiting the QoL of the patients. These challenges are now being addressed by EHL recombinant factors, rebalancing and substitution therapies. Gene therapy and genome editing show promise for a definite clinical cure. Herein, we provide an overview of new therapeutic opportunities for haemophilia and their advances and limitations. The database on human medicines from EMA was used and data from rare disease (orphan) designations and EPARs were retrieved for the analysis. Clinical Trial databases were used to query all active studies on haemophilia. Gene therapy medicinal products based on AAV and lentiviral vectors are in development and clinical trials have reported substantial success in ameliorating bleeding tendency in haemophilia patients. The prospect of gene editing for correction of the underlying mutation is on the horizon with considerable potential. We are entering an era of innovation and abundance in treatment options for those affected by bleeding disorders but issues still remain about the affordability and accessibility to patients, the long-term durability, safety and efficacy.

Five patients presented with infection and an exposed cochlear implant and we decided to salvage them by attempting use of new antimicrobial treatment for biofilms using betaine surfactant and polyhexanide along with wound debridement and double layered vascularized flap. This is the first study demonstrating the use of betaine surfactant and polyhexanide in the management of biofilm in cochlear implants and we could salvage four infected cochlear implants by the aforementioned method. Early intervention can significantly improve salvage outcomes in cochlear implants infected with biofilms.

Resource quality has direct or indirect effects on female oviposition choice, offspring performance, and ultimately on body size and sex ratios. We examined these patterns in Sirex noctilio Fabricus, the globally invasive European pine woodwasp, in South African Pinus patula plantations. We studied how natural variation in biotic and abiotic factors influenced sex-specific density, larval growth rates, and survival. Twenty trees infested trees divided into top, middle, and bottom sections were sampled at three time points during larval developmental. We measured moisture content, bluestain colonization, and co-occurring insect density and counted, measured, and sexed all immature wasps. A subset of larval tunnels was measured to assess compensatory feeding and growth efficiency. Wasp density increased from the bottoms to the tops of trees for both males and females. However, the largest individuals and the longest tunnels were found in bottom sections. Male bias was strong (~10:1) and likewise differed among sections, with the highest proportion in the middle and top sections. Sex ratios became more strongly male biased due to high female mortality, especially in top and middle logs. Biotic and abiotic factors such as colonization by Diplodia sapinea, weevil (Pissodes spp.) density, and wood moisture explained modest residual variation in our primary mixed effects models, generally between 6-12%. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of sex-specific resource quality for S. noctilio and of how variation in key biotic and abiotic factors can influence body size, sex ratio and survival in this economically important woodwasp.

The COVID-19 crisis has forced researchers in Ecology to change the way we work almost overnight. Nonetheless, the pandemic has provided us with several novel components for a new way of conducting international Science. In this perspective piece, we summarize eight central insights that are helping us, as early career researchers, navigate the uncertainties, fears and challenges of advancing Science during the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight how innovative, collaborative and often Open Science-driven developments that have arisen from this crisis can form a blueprint for a community reinvention in academia. Our insights include personal approaches to managing our new reality, maintaining capacity to focus and resilience in our projects, and a variety of tools that facilitate remote collaboration. We also highlight how, at a community level, we can take advantage of online communication platforms for gaining accessibility to conferences and meetings, and for maintaining research networks and community engagement while promoting a more diverse and inclusive community. Overall, we are confident that these practices can support a more inclusive and kinder scientific culture for the longer term.

Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is encoded by SERPINA7 which located on Xq22.2. SERPINA7 variants caused TBG deficiency which does not require treatment, but the decreased thyroxine may be misdiagnosed as hypothyroidism. We discovered some variants of TBG caused by alterations that differ from previously reported. In this study, we enrolled 32 subjects from 10 families and sequenced the SERPINA7 genes of TBG-deficient subjects. Then variants were analyzed to assess their effect on TBG expression and secretion. Bioinformatics database, protein structure and dynamics simulation were used to evaluate the deleterious effects. Finally, we identified 2 novel and 4 known variants, and found 26 of 30 subjects carried the p.L303F. The DynaMut predictions indicated the variants (p.E91K, p.I92T, p.R294C and p.L303F) exhibited decreased stability. Analyses revealed the p.L303F change the protein stability and flexibility, and it had an impact on the function of TBG, but when coexisted with other variants it might change the conformational structure of the protein and aggravate the damage to the protein. We speculated that the existence of a higher number of variants resulted in lower TBG secretion. Keywords: Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency; SERPINA7 gene; compound variants; single-nucleotide variants

Abstract The novel of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for not only China but also countries around the world. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. As of February 26, 2020, COVID-19 has been recognized in 34 countries include many of the Gulf countries notably Iran and all other Gulf countries have reported COVID-19 cases respectively, the infectious gradually became serious, with a higher laboratory-confirmed cases and more deaths around the world. In this manuscript, we are going to try to elucidate shortly the infectious pandemic significantly in all Gulf countries and additionally investigate the competition between various of ABO blood groups which one is more susceptible than others and high risk for others with the second diseases. The effective infection control protocols are urgently needed around the world. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research to collect and introduces essential knowledge about COVID-19 as well as prevention and treatment are the most important task in the Gulf states

Phytolith-occluded carbon (PhytOC) is an important long-term stable carbon fraction in grassland ecosystems, and plays a promising role in global carbon sequestration. Determination of the PhytOC traits of different plants in major grassland types is crucial for precisely assessing their PhytOC sequestration potential. Precipitation is the predominant factor in controlling net primary productivity (NPP) and species composition of the semiarid steppe grasslands. We selected three representative steppe communities of desert steppe, dry typical steppe and wet typical steppe in Northern Grasslands of China along a precipitation gradient, to investigate their species composition, biomass production and PhytOC content for quantifying its long-term carbon sequestration potential. Our results showed that (i) the phytolith and PhytOC contents in plants differed significantly among species, with dominant grass and sedge species having relatively high contents, and the contents are significantly higher in below- than the aboveground parts. (ii) The phytolith contents of plant communities were 16.68, 17.94 and 15.85 g kg-1 in the above- and 85.44, 58.73 and 76.94 g kg-1 in the belowground biomass of desert steppe, dry typical steppe and wet typical steppe, respectively; and the PhytOC contents were 0.68, 0.48 and 0.59 g kg-1 in the above- and 1.11, 0.72 and 1.02 g kg-1 in the belowground biomass of the three steppe types. (iii) Climatic factors affected phytolith and PhytOC production of steppe communities mainly through altering plant production, whereas their effects on phytolith and PhytOC contents were relatively small. Plant aboveground biomass and PhytOC content were strongly associated with the current-year climate and soil bio-available Si content; while plant belowground biomass and PhytOC content were relatively stable, and their variation across the sites is in accordance with the spatial variation in the long-term means of climatic and soil factors, reflecting the perenniality of plant belowground part.

Pneumopericardium is a rare entity in adults. We present a case of non-iatrogenic pneumopericardium that manifested after a pericardiocentesis procedure for pericardial effusion, resulting from an underlying tracheopericardial fistula. We discuss our patient's presentation and management of this unique entity.

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) remains a global threat.1The most common causes of SCD are ischemic heart diseases and structural cardiomyopathies in the elderly. Additional causes can be arrhythmogenic, respiratory, metabolic, or even toxigenic.2,3,4 Despite the novel diagnostic tools and our deeper understanding of pathologies and genetic associations, there remains a subset of patients for whom a trigger is not identifiable. When associated with a pattern of Ventricular Fibrillation, the diagnosis of exclusion is deemed Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation (IVF).2,5 IVF accounts for 5% of all SCDs6 – and up to 23% in the young male subgroup5 – and has a high range of recurrence rates (11-45%).7,8,9 There are still knowledge gaps in the initial assessment, follow-up approach, risk stratification and subsequent management for IVF.1,10,11 While subsets of IVF presentations have been better characterized into channelopathies, such as Brugada’s syndrome (BrS), Long QT Syndrome (LQTS), Early Repolarization Syndrome (ERS), Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT), much remains to be discovered.12,13 Implantable Cardioverter Device (ICD) placement as secondary prevention for IVF is the standard of care. This is warranted in the setting of high recurrence rates of arrhythmias (11-43%). Multiple studies have shown potential complications from ICDs and a significant number of cases experiencing inappropriate shock after ICD placement.14In their article, Stampe et al. aim to further understand clinical presentation and assessment, and risk factors for recurrent ventricular arrhythmias in IVF patients. Using a single-centered retrospective study, they followed a total of 84 Danish patients who were initially diagnosed with IVF and received a secondary ICD placement between December 2007 and June 2019. Median follow-up time was 5.2 years (ICR=2-7.6). To ensure detection of many possible underlying etiologies ranging from structural, ischemic, arrhythmogenic, metabolic, or toxicologic, the researchers found that a wide array of diagnostic tools were necessary: standard electrocardiograms (ECGs), high-precordial leads ECGs, standing ECGs, Holter monitoring, sodium-channel blocker provocation tests, exercise stress tests, echocardiograms, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, coronary angiograms, cardiac computed tomography, electrophysiological studies, histological assessment, blood tests, toxicology screens, and genetic analysis.The study by Stampe et al. highlights the importance of thorough and continuous follow-up with rigorous evaluation: Three (3.6%) patients initially diagnosed with IVF were later found to have underlying cardiac abnormalities (LQTS and Dilated Cardiomyopathy) that explained their SCA. Like other studies, the burden of arrhythmia was found to be high, but unlike reported data, the overall prognosis of IVF was good. Despite the initial pattern of ventricular fibrillation in those who experienced appropriate ICD placement (29.6%), ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation had a comparable predominance. As for patients with inappropriate ICD placements, atrial fibrillation was a commonly identified pathological rhythm (16.7%). Recurrent cardiac arrest at presentation (19.8%) was a risk factor for appropriate ICD therapy (HR=2.63, CI=1.08-6.40, p=0.033). However, in contrast to previous studies, early repolarization detected on baseline ECG (12.5%), was not found to be a risk factor (p=0.842).The study by Stampe et al. has few limitations. First, the study design, a retrospective cohort, precluded standardized follow-up frequencies and diagnostic testing. Second, while the study was included many of the cofounders tested in previous studies (baseline characteristics, baseline ECG patterns, comorbidities), medication use was not included. Third, the follow-up period may have been insufficient to detect effect from some of the confounding factors. Finally, the sample size was small and it was from a single center.There are several strengths of the Stampe et al. study. Firstly, the wide range of diagnostic tests used at index presentation and during the follow-up period ensured meticulous detection of most underlying etiologies. Secondly, appropriate and well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Thirdly, funding by independent parties ensured no influence on study design, result evaluation, and interpretation. Finally, the study has succeeded in improving our understanding of IVF. Future studies should include though a larger population size and a more diverse population.References:1.AlJaroudi WA, Refaat MM, Habib RH, Al-Shaar L, Singh M, et al. Effect of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Receptor Blockers on Appropriate Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Shock: Insights from the GRADE Multicenter Registry. Am J Cardiol Apr 2015; 115 (7): 115(7):924-31.2. Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;72:e91–e220.3. Refaat MM, Hotait M, London B: Genetics of Sudden Cardiac Death. Curr Cardiol Rep Jul 2015; 17(7): 6064. Priori SG, Wilde AA, Horie M, Cho Y, Behr ER, Berul C, et al. HRS/EHRA/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes: document endorsed by HRS, EHRA, and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF, AHA, PACES, and AEPC in June 2013. Heart Rhythm 2013;10:1932–1963.5. Priori SG, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Mazzanti A, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force for the Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC). Eur Heart J 2015;36(41):2793-2867.6. Zipes DP, Wellens HJ. Sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 1998;98:2334–2351.7. Ozaydin M, Moazzami K, Kalantarian S, Lee H, Mansour M, Ruskin JN. Long-term outcome of patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015;26:1095–1104.8. Herman AR, Cheung C, Gerull B, Simpson CS, Birnie DH, Klein GJ, et al. Outcome of apparently unexplained cardiac arrest: results from investigation and follow-up of the prospective cardiac arrest survivors with preserved ejection fraction registry. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016;9:e003619.9. Siebermair J, Sinner MF, Beckmann BM, Laubender RP, Martens E, Sattler S, et al.Early repolarization pattern is the strongest predictor of arrhythmia recurrence in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation: results from a single centre long-term follow-up over 20 years. Europace 2016;18:718-25.10. Refaat MM, Hotait M, Tseng ZH: Utility of the Exercise Electrocardiogram Testing in Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Stratification. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 2014; 19(4): 311-318.11. Gray B, Ackerman MJ, Semsarian C, Behr ER. Evaluation after sudden death in the young: a global approach. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2019;12: e007453.12. Herman AR, Cheung C, Gerull B, Simpson CS, Birnie DH, Klein GJ, et al. Response to Letter Regarding Article, Outcome of apparently unexplained cardiac arrest: results from investigation and follow-up of the prospective cardiac arrest survivors with preserved ejection fraction registry”. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016;9:e004012.13. Chen Q, Kirsch GE, Zhang D, Brugada R, Brugada J, Brugada P, Potenza D, et al. Genetic basis and molecular mechanism for idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Nature 1998;392:293–296.14. Baranchuk A, Refaat M, Patton KK, Chung M, Krishnan K, et al. What Should You Know About Cybersecurity For Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices? ACC EP Council Perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol Mar 2018; 71(11):1284-1288.

This study analyzes and adds to the Low-N protein engineering with data-efficient deep learning work done by Biswas et al. We provide a complete, open-source, end-to-end re-implementation of the in silico protein engineering pipeline with improved computational efficiency,  more detailed documentation, cleaner API and additional features to lower the barrier to entry for use of this pipeline as an engineering tool. We additionally perform a more thorough evaluation of the success and necessity of each step in the pipeline for in silico directed evolution, by re-implementing select portions of the study of TEM-1 β-lactamase, as well as applying the full in silico pipeline to two novel protein engineering tasks - increasing the melting temperature of plastic degrading enzyme IsPETase and improving the thermostability the MS2 bacteriophage's capsid protein. By comparing the performance of various UniRep-based feature representations we provide proof that linear kernels can be equivalent to additive fitness landscapes and outperform more complex models on small or simple mutation prediction tasks. This is assumed in many previous works but never explicitly shown. We believe it helps to elucidate the main strength of the eUniRep representation: its ability to overcome epistatic effects in proposing extensively mutated candidate sequences with optimized functionality.-

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has showed that the need for medical masks and respirators exceeds the current global stockpile of these item and production capacity. Taking into account that ionizing radiation has been used for sterilization of medical products for many years and electron beam irradiation enables the treatment of huge quantities of disposable medical products in a short time this method should be tested for the masks decontamination. In this work two different filtering facepiece respirators were irradiated with electron beam of different doses. Presented results confirmed that the decrease in filtration efficiency after irradiation of both respirators results from elimination of the electric charge from the PP fibers in the irradiation process. Nevertheless, applied doses did not influence filtering materials structure and integrity, therefore application of treated in this way masks can be considered after restoration of electric charge what is crucial for their filtering function.

In this paper, the authors investigate the interaction of soliton waves for multidimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NSE) using time-space Jacobi pseudospectral method. The proposed method is established in both time and space to approximate the solutions and to prove the stability analysis for the equations. Using the Jacobi derivatives matrices the given problem is reduced to a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, which will be solved using Newton’s Raphson method. For numerical experiments, the method is tested on a number of different examples to study the behavior of interaction of two and more than two soliton, single soliton. Moreover, numerical solutions are demonstrated to justify the theoretical results and confirm the expected convergence rate. Comparison of numerical and exact solution is depicted in the form of figures and tables.

Impulsive differential equations of second-order appears in numerous applications such as fluid dynamics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, neural networks and the field of time symmetric electrodynamics. The aim of this work is to establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of the solutions to a second-order neutral differential equation with impulses. Two examples are given and state an open problem.

Mathematical modeling plays a major role in assessing, controlling, and forecasting potential outbreaks. In this study, the curve fitting method is taken into consideration. We give the method of the least squares as a standard approach in regression analysis that estimates the attainable maximum (peak value) of the Coronavirus infection that started in Wuhan, China, and spread to the world in a short time period. Finally, we demonstrated its applications for three countries and presented results clearly that earns further detailed disquisition.

We show in this paper a Lipschitz stability result for a crack inverse problem in half space. The direct problem is a Laplace equation with zero Neumann condition on the top boundary. The forcing term is a discontinuity across the crack. This formulation can be related to geological faults in elastic media or to irrotational incompressible flows in a half space minus an inner wall. The direct problem is well posed in an appropriate functional space. We study the related inverse problem where the jump across the crack is unknown, and more importantly, the geometry and the location of the crack are unknown. The data for the inverse problem is of Dirichlet type over a portion of the top boundary. We prove that this inverse problem is uniquely solvable under some assumptions on the geometry of the crack. The highlight of this paper is showing a stability result for this inverse problem. Assuming that the crack is planar, we show that reconstructing the plane containing the crack is Lipschitz stable despite the fact that the forcing term for the underlying PDE is unknown. This uniform stability result holds under the assumption that the forcing term is bounded above and the Dirichlet data is bounded below away from zero in appropriate norms.