L’industria alimentare è uno tra i settori in rapida crescita economica. Questo settore è caratterizzato da un’elevata domanda di risorse, in particolare di acqua.  Molti degli stabilimenti lattiero-caseari utilizza una propria fonte d’acqua, la quale dovrebbe soddisfare i requisiti di acqua potabile. Per questo motivo è obbligatorio il suo trattamento. Nel presente articolo viene approfondita la gestione delle risorse e la qualità dell'acqua di due stabilimenti lattiero-caseari situati in Polonia. Quindi, si mettono in risalto le relazioni che intercorrono tra il  processo tecnico selezionato, le attrezzature, la qualità dell’acqua e il suo consumo.  Inoltre, attraverso la re-immissione in circolo della quantità d’acqua consumata all’interno dell’industria, sono state proposte soluzioni che hanno il compito di migliorare la gestione sia dell’acqua che delle acque reflue.

The pupils will learn what solar energy is and how it can be used for various purposes. We will discuss how sunlight heat can be doubled with the use of aluminum and black sheet. This project will open doors to many ideas in students mind regarding the use of solar energy for different purposes in different ways. Solar Oven is a simple project so this will encourage students to create more projects, using solar energy, on their own.

Purpose: to compare, in a real-world scenario, the effects of different levels of technology on attention, memory, electrophysiological response, and self-perceived benefit of new users of hearing-aids in a developing country such as Brazil. Method: A pragmatic parallel-group, single-blinded, and randomized pilot clinical trial was conducted. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to hearing aid technology: (A) advanced technology; (B) basic technology; and (C) placebo. Participants were ≥ 60 years old, had moderate sensorineural hearing loss, and had never been exposed to hearing aid before. Prior to data collection, patients were electronically randomized to receive unique identity numbers. Patient numbers were placed in opaque envelopes until the day of the first visit at which hearing aids were fitted with appropriate amplification settings. Attention, memory, and latency of auditory evoked potentials of patients were assessed while using the hearing aids at baseline and then after 12 weeks of use. The primary outcome was any improvement in scores on neuropsychological tests and/or shortening of latency in the auditory-evoked potentials. Results: A total of 22 individuals were assessed (A=8, B=6, and C=8). Participants had a mean age of 80.4 (±6.1) years, were predominantly female (63.63%), and were poorly educated (3.8±1.6 years). Comparison of groups AXC and of BXC revealed differences in NEUPSILIN scores (Brazilian instrument) for reverse counting (p=0.002, 95%CI 5.9;20.55) and recognition (p=0.013, 95%CI -6.1;-0.88). No difference between groups A and B were found. Responses on the International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids (IOI-HA) differed for the benefit (p<0.001), satisfaction (p=0.007), participation restriction (p=0.012) and quality of life (p=0.037). Conclusion: The level of technology of the devices had no impact on the general satisfaction of new users of hearing-aids and appeared to have no differential effect on memory or attention after 12 weeks of use of the sound amplification products.

Background The radial artery (RA) is the second most used conduit in coronary artery bypass surgeries. The increased harvest of RA demands new approaches towards the use of this conduit. We aim to compare the efficiency of electrocautery with the vessel sealing system LigaSure™. Materials and Methods This is a randomized trial comparing the use of LigaSure™ vessel sealing system and electrocautery in RA harvesting for coronary artery bypass surgery. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 consists of 27 patients operated with The LigaSure™ small jaw sealer/divider and Group 2 consists of 26 patients operated with electrocautery. Results During the study, 53 patients were operated. 44 of them were men and 9 of them were women. Difference between age and BMI were statistically insignificant. The amount of blood loss from the beginning of harvesting to the end of the closure of the skin of left arm was significantly less in group 1 (p=0,004). The difference in number of hemostatic clips before and after the anastomosis of radial artery to coronary artery are likewise statistically significant and less in group 1 (p<0,001; p<0,001 respectively). The amount of blood loss postoperatively (p>0,6), number of ecchymoses (p>0,1), hematoma (p>0,1) and infection postoperatively (p>0,03) are found to be statistically insignificant. Conclusion The LigaSure™vessel sealing system is found to be a better option of harvesting in patients that are prone to bleed.

Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus are both viruses that can cause disease in pigeons. This study reports the identification of a natural co-infection of Pigeon aviadenovirus A and Pigeon circovirus in a breeding pigeon flock in central Anatolia, Turkey. Both viruses were isolated from pooled internal organs of pigeons using primary chicken embryo kidney cell cultures (CEKC) and specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs. Both viruses were identified by PCR amplification followed by Sanger sequencing, while histopathological examination showed degenerated hepatocytes with basophilic intranuclear viral inclusions. The viruses have similar transmission characteristics and common clinical manifestations, but it is possible that coinfection may exacerabate disease. This is the first report of its kind in Turkey and is important for the protection against disease in pigeons.

We construct an operational calculus for a modified shift operator on an abstract space of formal Laurent series. We show that this calculus is a universal model for a large number of operational calculi for several kinds of differential and difference operators.

Objective: To investigate the causes of early COVID-19 complicated with platelets(PLT) abnormality, and to analyze the possible mechanisms. Methods: The case datum of early COVID-19 complicated with PLT increase or decrease was collected. (125-350) ×109/L defined as the normal level of PLT(Group C), <125×109/L was defined as the PLT decrease group (Group A), >350×109/L defined as the PLT increase group (Group B) . The data were analyzed after collected. Results: Our statistical results showed that the incidence of COVID-19 combined PLT decreased was about 11.94% and the incidence of combined PLT increased was about 9.33% at admission. Compared with Group B and C, Group A showed a significant decrease in white blood cell, neutrophil and CD4 (P<0.05). The lymphocyte in Group A and C decreased significantly, but not find in Group B (P<0.05). Compared with Group A and C, IL-4 was increased in Group B, but lymphocyte decline was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: PLT abnormalities occur in all patients with different types of COVID-19. It may be related to the severity of inflammation and infection, immune regulation and megakaryocyte function, etc.

Objectives: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) is a rapidly growing treatment strategy due to increasing survival rates in selected patients. Additional left ventricular mechanical unloading, using a transfemoral micro-axial blood pump (Impella®), might improve patients’ outcomes. In this regard, we sought to investigate patients who suffered OHCA (out- of hospital cardiac arrest) or IHCA (in-hospital cardiac arrest) with subsequent eCPR (extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation) via VA-ECMO (veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) and concomitant Impella® implantation. Methods: From January 2016 until December 2019, 71 patients underwent eCPR at our institution. Data prior eCPR and early outcome parameters were analyzed comparing patients who were supported with an additional transfemoral micro-axial blood pump (ECMO+Impella®, n= 7) and patients without additional (ECMO, n=64) support during VA-ECMO therapy. Results: Baseline data did not significantly differ between groups. All-cause mortality was significantly lower in the ECMO+Impella® group (83% vs. 29%, p= 0.01). The time of circulatory support was shorter in the ECMO+Impella® cohort (3.16±2.09 vs. 6.5±2.79, p=0.01). Additionally, ECMO weaning was significantly more feasible in patients with ECMO+Impella® (71% vs. 29%, p =0.02). Patients treated with additional Impella® showed more acute kidney injury (AKI) with the need for dialysis (71% vs. 21%, p=0.09). Conclusion: From our data, concomitant Impella® support might increase survival and successful ECMO weaning in eCPR patients. Treatment associated complications such as AKI were more common in this highly selected patient group. Further studies with larger numbers are necessary to evaluate concomitant LV-unloading’s clinical relevance in eCPR patients, using an Impella® device.

Background: Complex cardiac operations may have better outcomes when performed by mid-career surgeons compared with surgeons in early or late stages of their career. However, it is unknown how cardiac case complexities are distributed among surgeons of different experience levels. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using New York (NY) and California (CA) statewide surgeon-level coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcome data, including 336 cardiac surgeons who performed 43,604 CABGs. Surgeon-level data including observed mortality rate (OMR) and expected mortality rates (EMR) was collected from 2014-2016 in NY and 2015-2016 in CA. Surgeons’ number of years-in-practice was determined by searching for each surgeon’s training history on online registries. Loess and linear regression models were then used to characterize the relationship between surgeon EMR and surgeon years-in-practice. Results: The median number of surgeon years-in-practice was 20 (interquartile range [IQR] 11-28) with median case volume 103 (IQR 42,171). The median surgeon observed to expected mortality (O:E) ratio was 0.87 (IQR 0.19-1.4). Linear regression relating EMR to years in practice showed that EMR was similar across years in practice. Linear regression relating surgeon isolated CABG O:E ratio to years in practice also showed similar outcomes across years in practice. Conclusion: There is a relatively equal distribution of high and low risk CABG cases among surgeons of differing experience levels. This equal distribution of high and low risk cases does not reflect a triaging of more complex cases to more experienced cardiac surgeons, which prior research shows may optimize patient outcomes.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis is a well-known biological reaction which plays an important role in many biological processes. In this study, we have modelled the non-enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP in the gas-phase and the aqueous-phase by performing ab initio molecular dynamics simulations combined with an enhanced sampling technique. In the gas-phase, we studied hydrolysis of fully protonated ATP molecule and in the aqueous-phase, we studied hydrolysis of ATP coordinated with: a) two H+ ions (H-ATP), b) Mg2+ (Mg-ATP) and c) Ca2+ (Ca-ATP). We show that gas-phase ATP hydrolysis follows a two-step dissociative mechanism via a highly stable metaphosphate intermediate. The Adenine group of the ATP molecule plays a crucial role of a general base; temporarily accepting protons and, thus helping in the elimination-addition process. In the aqueous-phase hydrolysis of ATP, we find that the cage of solvent molecules increases the stability of the terminal phospho-anhydride bond through a well-known cage-effect. Further, we find that the aqueous-phase hydrolysis happens with the help of nearby water molecules, which assumes the role of a base assisting in proton diffusion through Grotthuss mechanism. We obtained much lower free-energy barriers for the aqueous-phase hydrolysis of ATP coordinated with divalent ions (Mg2+ and Ca2+) compared to hydrolysis of ATP coordinated with only H+ ions, suggesting a clear catalytic effect of the divalent ions. We find a single-step dissociative-type mechanism for Mg-ATP, while we find a SN-2-type concerted hydrolysis pathway for Ca-ATP.

ChatBot is a software application used to conduct an on-line chat conversation via text or text-to-speech, in instead of providing direct contact with a live human. However, An FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) chatBot is a type of internet bot or software application that is beneficial for answering some of the most frequently asked questions your customers may have. FAQ bots help direct customers to the right website pages and provide answers easily any time of the day. In this paper, we present the architecture and prototype of a FAQ chatBot

Wheezing is a common outcome of preterm birth. This article will review the mechanisms, epidemiology, and treatment of wheezing in preterm children with and without a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Successful plant invasions are hypothesised to be associated with close environmental matching or species poor communities. However, positive correlations between non-native abundance and native plant richness can also arise due to habitat heterogeneity (defined here as variation in abiotic and biotic conditions over space and time). We analysed survey and palaeoecological data for macrophytes in lakes covering a gradient of eutrophication and connectivity to partition the roles of environmental matching, macrophyte diversity and habitat heterogeneity in explaining abundance and invasibility of Elodea canadensis, a widely distributed non-native macrophyte in Europe. There was no association between invasibility and macrophyte species richness. Instead habitat heterogeneity variously enabled the coexistence of native macrophytes and E. canadensis in lake metacommunities over time. Invasion resistance was associated with high native macrophyte cover and unfavourable environmental conditions. We show how spatial and temporal scales can determine the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and invasibility in lake systems.

A document by Peter Braude. Click on the document to view its contents.

Objective To estimate the incidence of placental abruption in immigrant women compared with non-immigrants by maternal country and region of birth, reason for immigration and length of residence. Design Nationwide population-based study. Setting Data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway (1990-2016). Sample The study sample included 1,558,174 pregnancies, in which immigrant women accounted for 245,887 pregnancies and 1,312,287 pregnancies were to non-immigrants. Methods Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for placental abruption in immigrant women compared to non-immigrants were estimated by logistic regression with robust standard error estimations (accounting for within-mother clustering). Adjustment variables included year of birth, maternal age, parity, multiple pregnancies, chronic hypertension and level of education. Main outcome measures Placental abruption Results The incidence of placental abruption decreased during the study period for both immigrants (from 0.68% to 0.44%) and non-immigrants (from 0.80% to 0.34%). Immigrant women from the sub-Saharan African region had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.15-1.58) compared to non-immigrants for placental abruption, whereas immigrant women from Ethiopia had an adjusted odds ratio of 2.39 (95% CI 1.67-3.41). We found a small variation in placental abruption incidence by other countries or regions of birth, length of residence and reason for immigration. Conclusion Immigrant women from sub-Saharan Africa, especially Ethiopia, have increased odds for placental abruption when giving birth in Norway. Reason for immigration and length of residence had little impact on the incidence of placental abruption.

Objectives Tonsillectomy, grommet insertion and adenoidectomy are only permissible in the UK when specific criteria are met. , Children from deprived backgrounds are more likely to require tonsillectomy. Our aim was to assess correlation between tonsillectomy and deprivation plus tonsillectomy and related infections. Design Retrospective observational study of data provided by Information Service Division between 1996/7 and 2016/17. Socio-economic background was determined by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) score. Setting and Participants Complete national data for all patients under 16 years old admitted to Scottish NHS hospitals. Main outcome measures Admission to hospital for ENT procedures and ENT-related infections. Results 60,456 tonsillectomies were performed during the study period, significantly fewer following the introduction of SIGN guidelines. Children from the most deprived areas were 72.0% more likely to receive tonsillectomy than the least deprived. Significantly increased rates of tonsillitis were observed following the introduction of SIGN guidelines. The most deprived children were 59% more likely to be admitted with quinsy than the least deprived. Conclusion Tonsillectomy rates are highest in the most deprived. Complications of throat infection appear to be increasing following the introduction of SIGN and NICE guidelines.

This paper investigates the notion of practical feedback stabilization of evolution equations satisfying some relaxed conditions in infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. Moreover, sufficient conditions are presented that guarantee practical stabilizability of uncertain systems based on Lyapunov functions. These results are applied to partial differential equations.

In this paper, we propose hybrid inertial parallel subgradient extragradient-line algorithm for approximating a common solution of variational inequality problems with monotone and $L$-Lipschitz continuous mappings but $L$ is unknown and prove strong convergence under some mild conditions in Hilbert space. We then give numerical examples to demonstrate the performance of our algorithms better than some of the algorithms mentioned in the literature. The novelty of our algorithm is that we have shown the algorithm is resilient and has good quality when the number of subproblems is large, the algorithm can be applied to solve image deblurring when an image has common types of blur effects.

The present paper demonstrates the analysis of cylindrical shock waves in a rotating isothermal flow of a non-ideal gas with the impact of the axial magnetic field. We obtain some special class of similarity solutions to the considered problem by using the Lie group of transformations. We assume that the density is uniform in the undisturbed medium, whereas the axial and azimuthal components of the fluid velocity and magnetic field are supposed to vary. By employing the invariant surface conditions, we obtain the generators of the Lie group of transformations. As per the choice of arbitrary constants arising in the expressions for the generators, we obtain four cases of possible solutions. Among all the cases, the similarity solutions are obtained only in three cases. The first and second cases relate to the power and exponential law shock path, respectively, while the third case shows a special case of the power-law shock path. We solve the case of the power-law shock path numerically. Behind the shock front, the distributions of flow variables are analyzed graphically to elucidate the effects of variation in values of the non-ideal parameter, Alfven-Mach number, ambient azimuthal velocity exponent and adiabatic exponent. All the computational work has been performed by using the software package “MATLAB”.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the initial boundary value problem of nonlinear viscoelastic Petrovsky type equation with logarithmic nonlinearity. We derive the blow up results by the combination of the perturbation energy method, concavity method and differantial-integral inequality technique.

Astroviruses (AstVs) are major causative agents of gastroenteritis in children and had been detected worldwide. Recently, the novel neurotropic AstV associated with encephalitis and meningitis has been found in different species including human, bovine and ovine. However, little is known about the prevalence of neurotropic AstVs in water buffalo of China. In this study, we examined fecal samples from water buffalo in the Guangxi province of China and found different lineages of Water Buffalo Astrovirus (BufAstV) infections. In addition, we confirmed that the BufAstV infection of the brain tissues of a dead calf by immunohistochemistry technology in this study. Based on the 3’RACE and next-generation sequencing technologies, 2 full-length genomes (BufAstV-NNA-14 and BufAstV-NNA-12) and 2 ORF2 genes (BufAstV-NND-s2 and BufAstV-NNA-17) of AstVs from this source were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the ORF2 indicated 3 major lineages of BufAstVs including a novel neurotropic BufAstV, a BufAstV which is related to Bovine Astrovirus (BoAstV) and a classical BufAstV. Moreover, the occurrence of genomic recombination between BufAstV and BoAstV strains have been identified. This is the first report to found a BufAstV infected in brain of water buffalo in China and details of the epidemiology, genetic diversity and possible interspecies transmission of BoAstV and BufAstV in water buffalo from the Guangxi province of China are described. KEYWORDS: astrovirus, water buffalo, bovine, neurotropic, genetic diversity, Guangxi province

Objective: To evaluate and validate the specificity of pulmonary ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for pleural effusion, pneumonia and pulmonary oedema in healthy pregnant women compared to non-pregnant healthy women. Design: Single-centre, prospective, observational controlled study. Setting: Large teaching hospital in the Netherlands. Population: All women underwent pulmonary ultrasound evaluation. We included 127 pregnant and 124 non pregnant women. Methods: Pulmonary ultrasound was performed in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Presence and/of symptoms of pulmonary or cardiovascular pathology and ≤20 weeks of pregnancy were among the exclusion criteria. Pulmonary ultrasound was performed by following the BLUE-protocol. Main outcome measures: The following items were assessed: A-lines, B-lines, comet tails, pleural effusion, sub pleural consolidation and hepatization. Presence of three or more B-lines, pleural effusion and/or sub pleural consolidation was interpreted as a false positive outcome after review of an expert. Results: We included 251 patients, who underwent pulmonary ultrasound evaluation. None of the participants showed pleural effusion, sub pleural consolidation or hepatization. One participant showed presence of >3 B-lines. One ultrasound showed a spine sign. Thus, two of the pulmonary ultrasounds was considered false positive. Conclusions: In this study no differences in specificity of pulmonary ultrasound were found in healthy pregnant women compared to healthy non-pregnant women. This suggests translatability of pulmonary ultrasound studies to the pregnant population for the evaluation of respiratory complaints.

We consider the inverse resonance problem in scattering theory in one dimension. The signal is in form of Fourier transform, which has various sorts of representation theorem via its zero set. We are interested at the question if certain bound states information are disregarded, then how much more information on the potential V is needed to recover the potential? If partial knowledge of the potential function is given, certain amount of zeros or bound states can be removed to locally recover a representation theorem of the Fourier transform. Once the representation form is recovered, we compare to conclude the inverse uniqueness.

Objective: To examine the relationship between Intra-operative hyperthermia (IOH) and post-operative fever (POF) and local complications in children undergoing CI surgery. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: Tertiary care University Hospital. Participants: The study includes all pediatric CI surgery procedures conducted in one hospital in Israel between 2007 and 2017, A total of 213 CI procedures were performed on 191 children (ages 9 months to 17 years; mean 3.54 years) Main outcome and measure: Clinical data included demographics, type of surgery (unilateral, bilateral), presence of IOH and POF, and local infectious complications within one month after surgery Results: Ten patients (4.9%) developed IOH, of which two developed POF. Of the remaining non-IOH cases (95.1%), 29 children (14.3%) developed POF. IOH correlated with cases of bilateral CI (80% bilateral CI versus 20% unilateral CI; p = 0.002). IOH also correlated with the duration of operation (289 min versus 189 min, respectively; p = 0.025). Local complications were recorded in 30 patients: two that developed POF in the IOH group, and 28 (14.3%) in the non-IOH group. No correlation was observed between the occurrence of either IOH or POF, and the occurrence of local complications. Conclusions: IOH and POF are not uncommon in children undergoing CI surgery, yet, in the present study cohort, both conditions are not associated with the development of local infectious complications. In addition, IOH does not appear to predict the development of POF.