Intro: To determine the prevalence of OD in the confirmed case with COVID-19 among our population using quick smell identification test (Q-SIT) as screening tool. Methods: Cross- sectional study carried out in Qatif area – Saudi Arabia among adult hospitalized patient with confirm COVID-19 during the period between May and July, 2020. All adults confirmed COVID-19 patients were interviewed for history of current disease and associated symptoms as well as performing Q-SIT. Participants who had history of olfactory dysfunction, and critical cases required ICU admission were excluded. Results: The prevalence of OD among COVID-19 cases was (16.3%) in our population using Q-SIT compared to (27.4%) for self-reported symptom. Females were having higher prevalence in compare to males (30.5% and 11.1%) respectively; which was statistically significant (P <0.001). The patients reported higher prevalence of ageusia (31.9%) with significant association with OD (P <0.001). Q-SIT showed high positive and negative predictive value in detecting OD among patients with COVID-19 (84% and 93% respectively). Conclusion: Q-SIT is a useful, validated and easy to apply tool for screening OD among patients with COVID-19. Some patients presented solely with this symptom which can occurs unnoticed in COVID-19 patients, and there for required objective test for detection.

The aim of present study was to evaluate the professionalism of clinical teachers in viewpoints of residents and undergraduate medical students. This is a descriptive-analytical study. The learners include medical externs, medical interns (undergraduate medical students) and residents (postgraduate learners) in the X University of Medical Sciences were entered by census. (n = 311). Faculty Professionalism Evaluation Questionnaire was used in this study. This questionnaire includes four domains: Doctor-patient relationship (6 items), Doctor-student relationship (3 items), interprofessional relationship (2 items) and doctor-self relationship (5 items). The content validity of the instrument was assessed by attending experts in medical education and clinical specialties (n=13) in the expert panel. Next, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the instrument was assessed. Confirmatory analysis has been analyzed using Amos version 24.0 software. In the descriptive step, data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, SD and median and relative percentage) and analytical (student t-test, ANOVA) tests. Results The participants include 126 medical externs (40.5%), 128 medical interns (41.2%) and 57 residents (18.3%). The mean age of participants was 26.43 years (13.18). The results showed the content validity of the instrument was approved by experts. The results of CFA showed the adequate fitness of the model. (GFI=.862,CFI=.912,TLI=.869). The total mean rating score per form (the total maximum rating is 48) given by students was 31.91(SD = 5.84) and ranged from 16 to 45, with a median rating score of 32. Total mean scores was 1.98(SD=0.36) ranged from 0.96 to 2.82. Conclusion The present results showed the professionalism scores of clinical teachers were evaluated at the moderate level in viewpoints of the learners. The results indicated the teachers were far from an ideal role model. Regards, the role of teachers in developing professionalism among learners, it is necessary to empower to play a desirable role model.

Objective: To explore the myocardial systolic dysfunction in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using echocardiographic layer-specific myocardial strain imaging. Methods: Forty-eight newly diagnosed, untreated POI patients with normal LVEF (POI group) and fifty healthy female volunteers with matching age, height and weight (controls group) were enrolled. Both groups underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography to obtain conventional left ventricular and layer-specific strain parameters, the layer-specific strain parameters including the subendomyocardial global longitudinal strain (GLSendo), the mid-layer myocardial global longitudinal strain (GLSmid), the subepimyocardial global longitudinal strain (GLSepi), the subendomyocardial global circumferential strain (GCSendo), the mid-layer myocardial global circumferential strain (GCSmid), and the subepimyocardial global circumferential strain (GCSepi). Results: The end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness (IVST) in the POI group was significantly thicker than that in the controls group (P=0.008), and The E, E/A, lateral e′ in POI group were significantly lower than those in the controls group (P<0.05). The GLSendo, GLSmid, GLSepi, GCSendo, GCSmid, and GCSepi in the POI group were significant lower than those in the controls group (P＜0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of GLSepi was the largest in diagnosing impaired left ventricular systolic function in POI patients (AUC=0.706, P=0.000). Conclusions: POI patients with normal LVEF may suffer with subclinical left ventricular myocardial systolic dysfunction. The echocardiographic layer-specific myocardial strain could be more sensitive to be used to detect the subclinical impairment of left ventricular systolic function in POI patients.

Abstract Background/aim: Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a novel method that allows the assessment of regional myocardial function. The aim of our study was to use 2D-STE to assess left ventricular deformation in patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA). Methods: In this prospective study, patients with CoA (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 39) were recruited. Children with CoA who visited the outpatient clinic between 2013 and 2014 were included. The data were compared with those obtained from the sex- and age-matched controls. Results: The mean age of the patients was 5.8 ± 4.5 years. Global longitidinal strain based on all three apical views and total global strain values did not appear to be different between the patient and the control group (p = 0.59, p = 0.51, p = 0.15, p = 0.38). Hypertension was detected in 14 (33.3%) patients with CoA. There were significant differences between the global longitudinal strain values of the normotensive CoA subgroup and the hypertensive CoA subgroup (p < .05). Conclusions: In our study, we found that 2D-STE total strain analysis of patients with CoA was not different from comparative healthy controls. However, we determined that 2D-STE parameters were lower in the hypertensive CoA subgroup compared to the normotensive CoA subgroup.

Techniques of reduced-representation sequencing (RRS) have revolutionized ecological and evolutionary genomics studies, especially favoring species without reference genome. But it is a great challenge for RRS data to precisely establish homologous loci, which is strongly associated with accuracy of downstream analyses and reliability of biological inferences. maxSH is an overlooked parameter with respect to detecting paralogs, belonging to PYRAD/IPYRAD──a prevailing pipeline for genotyping RADseq and GBS data. Using GBS data of two primroses (Primula alpicola Stapf and P. florindae Ward) and their putative hybrids, as empirical study, we explore the efficiency of maxSH on filtering paralogs and its impact on downstream analyses. At the same time, we try to assess if putative hybrids are truly speciated from hybridization. Our study sheds light on the efficiency of maxSH on filtering paralogs, and significant effects of maxSH, together with clustering threshold and missing data, on downstream analyses of outlier detection, population assignment, and demographic modelling, emphasizing the significance of carefully coping with bioinformatics process. On the other hand, although putative hybrids exhibit a genetic mixture of P. alpicola and P. florindae according to most STRUCTURE and PCA results, we cannot clearly draw a conclusion on the origin of putative hybrids due to conflicting demographic scenarios mainly resulted from altering maxSH value among nine chosen datasets. However, gene flow patterns of most optimal models from multiple maxSH values collectively indicate incomplete reproductive isolation between putative hybrids and two primroses, and the existence of indirect introgression between P. alpicola and P. florindae.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of natural cycles (NC) and artificial cycles (AC) in women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Public fertility center in China. Population We studied 9733 women undergoing the first cycle of FET over a 3-year period (June 2014 - December 2017). All women were followed-up until one year after embryo transfer. Methods The type of endometrial preparation was determined by the treating physician’s preference, based on patients’ characteristics. Women with regular ovulation were allocated to natural cycles (n=1676), while patients who were reluctant to frequently monitoring or living far from the hospital were allocated to artificial cycles (n=8057). A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between endometrial preparation and clinical outcomes while adjusting for potential confounders. Main outcome measures Live-birth rate was primary outcome while miscarriage rate, clinical pregnancy rate, preterm birth rate, and ectopic pregnancy rate were secondary outcomes. Results In the adjusted model, type of endometrial preparation did not affect live birth (OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.79-1.01), clinical pregnancy (OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.85-1.09), preterm birth (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 0.90-1.33) and ectopic pregnancy (OR, 0.77; 95%CI, 0.36-1.61), while AC significantly increased the miscarriage rate (OR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.11-1.73, P=0.004). Conclusion In women undergoing FET, natural cycles and artificial cycles resulted in comparable live birth rate while miscarriage rate was higher in artificial cycles.

In this research, we provided a framework to merge well-known satellite- and reanalysis-based global ET products (GLDAS, GLEAM, MOD16, and MERRA) using the triple collocation (TC) along with least-square based merging scheme without the utilization of high-quality ground measurement over East Asia. Firstly, the error characteristics of each ET product were statistically estimated using TC metrics with four different combinations. Results revealed that GLEAM showed the least error variance and highest product-truth correlation coefficient for most land cover types, followed by GLDAS, MERRA, and MOD16. TC-based error characteristics at different land cover types were reflected to parameterize weighting factors for individual ET products, and in turn, utilized in producing the merged ET estimates. Evaluation of merged ET estimates was conducted at 11 flux tower sites located within the study area. When relatively low-quality ET products (MERRA and MOD16) were used as input for TC metric, the accuracy of the merged ET estimates was better than those of the two individual ET products at all three land cover types. Furthermore, when two relatively high-quality ET products (GLEAM and GLDAS) were used as input for TC, the accuracy of merged ET estimates were greater than that of GLEAM and showed the highest statistical performance among the ET products over the three land cover types. Merged ET estimates from scenarios containing GLEAM and GLDAS showed MAE (RMSE) ranging from 0.275 to 0.692 mm/8 day (0.399 to 0.873 mm/8 day) and correlation coefficient ranging from 0.864 to 0.933 in compared to in-situ measurements. These statistics showed substantial improvement when compared to the original ET products (MAE: 0.327 to 1.172 mm/8 day, RMSE: 0.464 to 1.455 mm/8 day, and correlation coefficient: 0.636 to 0.925) over the three land cover types. These results confirmed that a TC-based merging framework could enhance the accuracy of terrestrial ET.

Wildlife-watching and ecotourism are effective approaches for improving public attitudes and raising awareness of wildlife conservation. However, the ability of wildlife tourism to enhance the conservation of less appealing taxa such as bats has rarely been examined. We sampled a total of 197 tourists in Monfort Bat Cave Sanctuary in the Philippines, the world’s largest colony of Geoffroy's Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus). Convenient pre/post-visit surveys were conducted to (a) explore the potential of bat-watching to raise tourists’ knowledge, attitudes towards bats, and determine how perceptions vary across demographic classes; and (b) determine potential predictors of conservation willingness among sampled urban tourists. Our study observed an increase in knowledge about bats and 61% of the tourists are willing to support conservation bat protection after the bat-watching visit to the cave site. Tourists’ conservation willingness was associated with age group, prior knowledge of bat ecosystem services, and perceptions about the conservation relevance of bat-watching as a conservation initiative. Our study highlights the effectiveness of short-term engagements such as bat-watching at improving human-bat interactions and suggests such programs should focus on highlighting ecosystem services and benefits of bats. However, it should be noted that we performed this study before the COVID-19 global pandemic and misinformation linking bats to the disease spread has increased since. We expect that public perception will change in the post-COVID-19 period and the conservation willingness survey should be repeated to understand how to counter misconceptions to develop effective bat conservation management in the post-COVID-19.This manuscript is accepted in Environmental Challenges

The Goose/Guangdong lineage highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses have spilled over to wild birds and caused transboundary epizootics. In 2016, the H5N6 subtype of clade 2.3.4.4 HPAI viruses was introduced to Korea and Japan by wild waterfowls. However, the detailed geographic location of the origin of this outbreak was not fully defined yet. In this study, the geographical origin of this outbreak was estimated using phylogeographic analysis. The results indicate that the H5N6 viruses of wild birds originated from a virus in Guangdong province, China. In addition, Guangdong province was an epicenter for H5N6 viruses, and multiple spillovers of viruses from poultry into wild birds have been detected. Thus, to predict and prepare for the next HPAI outbreak in Korea and Japan, viruses in Guangdong province should be carefully monitored and investigated.

Objective: To study the relation between platelet parameters and severe postpartum haemorrhage (SPPH). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Birth centre of the University Medical Centre Utrecht. Population: 23,205 deliveries between 2009 and 2017. Methods: The predictors platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit, platelet distribution width (PDW), and immature platelet fraction (IPF) were measured within 72 hours prior to delivery. Multiple imputation was performed for missing data. Odds ratios were adjusted (aOR’s) for maternal age, multiple gestation, macrosomia, induction of labour, and preeclampsia. Main outcome measures: Severe postpartum haemorrhage (≥1,000mL of blood loss within 24 hours after delivery) Results: Of the 2,402 (10.4%) women with thrombocytopenia (<150*109/L), 10.3% developed SPPH, compared to 7.6% of women with a normal platelet count (aOR: 1.34, 95%-CI: 1.14–1.57). Women with a platelet count of <50*109/L were most at risk (aOR of 2.19 (1.01-4.72)) compared to the reference group with normal platelet counts; the aOR was 1.20 (0.77-1.87) for the 50-99*109/L platelet count group, and 1.30 (1.09-1.55) for the 100-149*109/L platelet count group. Plateletcrit was associated with SPPH (aOR 1.15 (1.08-1.21) per 0.05% decrease), and, although rarely present, a PDW ≥23% (n=22) also increased the odds of SPPH (aOR 6.13 (2.29-16.4)). Conclusions: Low platelet count, low plateletcrit, and a PDW ≥23% were associated with the occurrence of SPPH, independent of common PPH risk factors.

One of the challenges facing fruit crop production globally is the regional climate regimes are becoming more unpredictable year after year leading to various type of stress. The exact impact of these stress on fruit crops is difficult to predict. Plant hormones can improve tolerance against abiotic stresses by inhibiting or reducing the active oxygen (AOS) accumulation, electrolyte leakage, induce the expression of stress-specific genes, etc. Among the major hormones produced by the plants, ABA, SA, JA and ET are known to play major roles in mediating plant defence response against various abiotic stresses. Crosstalk networks among phytohormones mediated by diverse key regulators have been extensively investigated and documented in various research investigations. Many canvassers’ recommended the use of phytohormones to counteract abiotic stress as increasing stress tolerance through conventional breeding methods requires longer time and also leads to inadequate adoptability of such cultivars under diverse cultivation environment for validation of performance and heritability. In this review, we summarize the roles of the major phytohormones present in fruit crops in regulating abiotic stresses responses with special focus on the significance of crosstalk between various hormones at biochemical and molecular level in generating a sophisticated and efficient stress response.

(S)-Omeprazole is a very effective anti-ulcer medicine, and it is a significant challenge to prepare it by whole cells and to substantially increase the substrate concentration. In the chloroform–water biphasic system, resting cells of the mutant of Rhodococcus rhodochrous(R. rhodochrous)ATCC 4276 were employed to catalyze the bio-oxidation of the omeprazole sulfide for preparation of (S)-omeprazole. At a high substrate concentration(180 mM) and cell concentration(100 g/L), the bio-oxidation was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM), and the optimal yield of (S)-omeprazole obtained was 92.9% with enantiomeric excess(e.e.) (>99%), and no sulfone product was detected under the optimal conditions: the reaction temperature was 37°C, pH of phosphate buffer, 7.3 and the reaction time, 43h respectively. A quadratic polynomial model was established, which predicts the experimental data with very high accuracy according to R2 of 0.9990. The chloroform–water biphasic system may mainly contribute the significant improvement of substrate tolerance because almost all substrates may partitioned in the organic phase (water solubility of omeprazole sulfide is only about 0.5 mg/ml), resulting in little damage and inhibition to cells by substrates. The mutant of R. rhodochrous ATCC 4276 exhibited a high enantioselective, activity and substrate and product tolerance. The aerated flask provides enough oxygen for a high concentration of cells. Accordingly, the bio-oxidation is thus more promising for efficient preparation of chiral sulfoxides.

Using the ab-initio calculations based on density functional theory, we have investigated the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Ti-substituted Zn3P2 compound. One and two Ti atom replacements in the unit cell of Zn3P2, which contain eight molecules per formula unit (40 atoms), are considered in the study. Our results show that the ferromagnetic phase is favored for the single Ti atom substitution, as the total energy corresponding to the ferromagnetic phase is lower than that of the nonmagnetic phase. A considerable value of the magnetic moment at the Ti site is obtained from our calculations.

Atrial septal defect, secundum (ASD Ⅱ, OMIM: 603642) is the second common congenital heart defect (CHD) in China. However, the genetic etiology of familial ASD II remains elusive. Using whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing, we identified a novel myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6) gene insertion variation, NM_002471.3:c.5465_5470dup (R1822_E1823dup), in a large Chinese Han family with ASD II. The variant R1822_E1823dup co-segregated with the disease in this family with autosomal dominant inheritance. The insertion variant located in the coiled-coil domain of the MYH6 protein, which is highly conserved across homologous myosin proteins and species. In transfected myoblast C2C12 cell lines, the MYH6 R1822_E1823dup variant significantly impaired myofibril formation and increased apoptosis but did not significantly reduce cell viability. Furthermore, molecular simulations revealed that the R1822_E1823dup variant impaired the myosin α-helix, increasing the stability of the coiled-coil myosin dimer, suggesting that this variant has an effect on the coiled-coil domain self-aggregation. These findings indicate that R1822_E1823dup variant plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of ASD II. Collectively, our findings expand the spectrum of MYH6 variations associated with familial ASD II and may provide a molecular basis in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for this Chinses family.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and residue interaction network analyses were carried out to investigate how some mutations on the human TRPV4 ankyrin repeating domain (ARD) change the ATP-binding strengths. Contact residue interaction networks (RINs) generated from the MD simulation trajectories are connected graphs with the ATP nodes having high importance. Besides four ATP-binding residues identified in early researches, extra ATP-binding residues are found for the wild type and mutant human TRPV4 ARDs based on the contact RIN results. Analyses of the first neighbor lists of the ATP nodes in contact RINs, and visualization of the average structures help to locate two distinct ATP-binding areas for different groups of mutants, with the wild type, K197R, R269H, V342F mutants in the first group, and E183K, E278K and R232C in the second. Further dihedral angle analyses, PCA analyses and mutation-site first-neighbor analyses demonstrate that the mutations usually cause remote interaction changes to the mutation sites, alter the collaborative behaviors of different domains of the human TRPV4 ARD, and eventually affect the ATP-binding strengths.

i.Objective- To describe epidemiological, clinical, biochemical, and radiological profile of children admitted in PICU of a tertiary care hospital with severe Adenoviral Pneumonia (ADVP) and respiratory sequelae among them. ii. Design-This is a single-center, prospective observational study conducted at the Institute of Child Health iii. Settings-The study had been done in PICU and General Pediatric ward of  Institute of Child Health a 200 bedded tertiary level 3 Pediatric Hospital of Kolkata, India. iv. Patient-Children less than 10 years of age admitted with features of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection(LRTI)/Pneumonia and became positive for adenovirus by respiratory sample PCR and needed intensive care at any point of the disease course during the period of -1st December 2018 to 1st May 2019 and then followed up. v. Interventions-This is a non interventional study. Standard protocolized treatment of patients with severe adenoviral pneumonia needing PICU care had been done. vi. Main outcome measures- Survival , poor prognostic factors and development of respiratory sequalae. vii. Results-96 cases in total and 33 among them needed PICU care and had been considered as severe ADVP. Males were in higher proportion than female and almost all had fever, cough, and respiratory distress at the time of admission. 67% of patients presented after one week of appearance of symptoms.24 patients had SPO2 <90% in room air at the time of hospital admission. 29 kids needed respiratory support beyond simple oxygen therapy. HRCT, done in most of the kids with recurrent symptoms mostly showed features of Post Infective Bronchiolitis Obliterans.

Background Normal values (>80%) of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) in patients with Cystic fibrosis (CF) may lead to the interpretation that there is no lung disease. This study is a comprehensive analysis of lung involvement in CF patients having normal FEV1. Methods Patients were recruited from two CF Centers: Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem and Vall d’ Hebron Hospital, Barcelona. Lung disease was assessed by lung clearance index (LCI), chest CT-Brody Score, respiratory cultures, number of pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) and days of antibiotic treatment in the year prior to the assessment. Results Of the 247 patients, 89 (36%) had FEV1 ≥80% and were included in the study (mean age 17.6 range 4.25-49 years). Chronic P. aeruginosa infection was found in 21%, and 31% had at least one major PEx in the year prior to the study. Abnormally elevated LCI was found in 86% of patients, ranging between 7.52-18.97, and total Brody score (TBS) was abnormal in 92% (range 5.0-96.5). Patients with chronic P. aeruginosa had significantly higher LCI (p=0.01) and TBS (p=0.01) which were associated with more major PEx (p = 0.04 and p<0.001, respectively) and more days of intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment in the preceding year (p=0.03 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusions Most CF patients with normal FEV1 have already physiological and structural lung abnormalities which were associated with more PEx and IV antibiotic treatment.

Soil freeze-thaw events have important implications for water resources, flood risk, land productivity, and climate change. A property of these phenomena is the relationship between unfrozen water content and sub-freezing temperature, known as the soil freezing characteristic curve (SFC). It is documented that this relationship exhibits hysteretic behaviour when frozen soil thaws, leading to the definition of the soil thawing characteristic curve (STC). Although explanations have been given for SFC/STC hysteresis, the effect that “scale”—particularly “measurement scale”—may have on these curves has received little attention. The most commonly used measurement scale metric is the “grain” or “support,” which is the spatial (or temporal) unit within which the measured variable is integrated—in this case, the soil volume sampled. We show (1) measurement support can influence the range and shape of the SFC and (2) hysteresis can be, at least partially, attributed to the support and location of the measurements comprising the SFC/STC. We simulated lab measured temperature, volumetric water content (VWC), and permittivity from soil samples undergoing freeze-thaw transitions using Hydrus-1D and a modified Dobson permittivity model. To assess the effect of measurement support and location on SFC/STC, we masked the simulated temperature and VWC/permittivity extent to match the instrument’s grain and location. By creating a detailed simulation of the intra- and inter-grain variability associated with the penetration of a freezing front, we demonstrate how measurement support and location can influence the temperature range over which water freezing events are captured. We show it is possible to simulate hysteresis in homogenous media with purely geometric considerations, suggesting that SFC/STC hysteresis may be more of an apparent phenomenon than mechanistically real. Lastly, we develop an understanding of how the location and support of soil temperature and VWC/permittivity measurements influence the temperature range over which water freezing events are captured.

­­Editorial: Natural Sciences is debuting“There’s a way to do it better – find it.” –Thomas A. EdisonWelcome to Wiley’s new flagship journal, Natural Sciences. Our aim is to meet the challenge of publishing top-tier papers in an open-science environment and thereby contribute to innovating the ways scientists communicate with one another and with society at large. We encourage you to partake in this transformative endeavor.Natural Sciences is an inter- and multidisciplinary journal that publishes outstanding research from the global community spanning biology, chemistry, and physics and their interfaces, as well as seminal works from related fields such as engineering and biomedical research. The journal’s aspiration is to promote the sharing and hybridization of disciplinary perspectives and thereby to foster crossing of the traditional boundaries that have previously separated disciplines. The journal will feature Research Articles of all lengths and formats, Commentaries, and Reviews, as well as Editorials, Highlights, Book Reviews, and News items.In contrast to many other high-ranking “elite” journals, Natural Sciences is run by practicing academic scientists who will treat submitted papers just like they wish their own papers would be treated – fairly, quickly, and without bias. That’s why our tagline readsA Journal of, by, and for scientists .By embracing open science, Natural Sciences will promote the global scientific community’s shared goal of enriching society with freely accessible prime scientific research. With open-science in general and open-access publishing in particular, the cost of scientific publishing will be carried by funding agencies or research institutions, and not the reader. Subscription-model-based academic publishing will be relegated to the sidelines, and scientific publications made freely accessible and re-usable for all.Moreover, Natural Sciences supports the cultural changes in the research community that call for increased transparency and openness in communicating and sharing the results of scientific research. Open science encompasses not only open-access publishing but also open peer review and sharing of primary scientific data. These, along with reviewer recognition, are key innovations effecting such a transformation and will be espoused by Natural Sciences .In developing the concept of Natural Sciences , we worked closely with Wiley to ensure efficient editorial practices. Wiley’s international network of experienced professionals steeped in scientific publishing are there for us 24/7. Together, we are committed to open-science publishing that is timely and rigorous – and to embracing open-science innovations in the process.The ideas and values that led us to envision Natural Sciences are summarized in our Manifesto [link to https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/26986248/homepage/manifesto].Natural Sciences is now open for submissions [link to https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/naturalsciences]. The Article Processing Charge (APC) will be waived during the first two years.Looking forward to your submissions,Bretislav Friedrich, Executive EditorMarianne Bronner, Chief Biology EditorVivian Yam, Chief Chemistry EditorGerard Meijer, Chief Physics Editor [link all the names to https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/26986248/homepage/editorial-board]

    A Beautiful Mind (Akıl Oyunları), öğrencilik yıllarında hayaller görmeye başlayan ilerleyen dönemlerde şizofreni teşhisi konulan ama hastalığının farkında olmayan Nobel Ödüllü matematikçi John Nash’in hayatını 2001 yılında beyaz perdeye taşıyor. Yönetmen Ron Howard dahi bir matematikçinin hayatını anlatırken akademik olayları duygusal birkaç sahne ve şizofreniyi seyirciye geçirebilecek bir oyunculukla aktarmış. Başrolde Russell Crowe gibi başarılı oyuncuların bulunduğu A Beautiful Mind filmi Oscar başta olmak üzere pek çok ödüle layık görülmüştür.   SPOILER  Yazımız filmdeki olaylara dair bilgiler içermektedir. 

In this investigation, we introduce new definitions of (p,q)-derivative and integral and discuss their fundamental properties. Some new Hermite-Hadamard inequalities employing newly defined (p,q)-integral are also obtained for convex functions. Furthermore, we are interested in finding (p,q)-estimates for midpoint and trapezoidal type inequalities for differentiable functions. It is revealed that the inequalities given in this article are extensions of offered inequalities in the literature of Hermite-Hadamard inequalities.

We apply the continuation theorem of Mawhin to ensure that a fourth-order nonlinear difference equation of the form $$\Delta^4 u(k-2) -a(k)u^{\alpha}(k)+b(k)u^{\beta}(k)=0,$$ with periodic boundary conditions possesses at least one nontrivial positive solution, where $\Delta u(k)=u(k+1)-u(k)$ is the forward difference operator, $\alpha,\beta\in\mathbb{N}^+$ and $\alpha\neq\beta$. $a(k),b(k)$ are $T$-periodic functions and $a(k)b(k)>0$. As applications, we will give some examples to illustrate the application of these theorems.

Co-degradation of coal and straw could produce significantly higher methane which was potential to increase biogenic CBM. In this study, the success of microflora and organic compounds during co-degradation was determined by MiSeq and GC-MS, and compared with cultivations with only coal (C) and with only straw (RS). The results showed that the methane production in co-degradation was 12 times higher than that in cultivation C. A shift of dominant methanogen was caused by the addition of straw from acetoclastic Methanosaeta in inoculum to methylotrophic Methanomethylovorans in 7 days, then hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium. The bacteria and fungi with ability to degrade macromolecules in coal and metabolize VFAs were enriched which would facilitate methanogenesis. VFAs, especially butanoic acid, were dominant in intermediates of co-degradation which contributed to methane production as their content were negatively corelated with methane production. The different component of intermediates and microbial communities among co-degradation, cultivations C and RS suggested that the metabolic pathway in co-degradation was distinctive and the fracture of coal molecules was almost completed in the first 7 days of cultivation. Coal might also serve as the suitable microhabitat for microorganisms to avoid the threat from environment in addition to function as methanogenic substrates.

In Pakistan sugarcane is an important cash crop, a source of income and employment for the farming community. The environmental degradation results in the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events has significant consequences for sugarcane production in the world, especially in the developing countries like Pakistan, because of relatively low adaptive capacity, high vulnerability to natural hazards, and weak forecasting systems and mitigating strategies. This paper is an attempt to analyze the impact of environmental change on sugarcane production in Sindh province of Pakistan. Qualitative and quantitative data approach were adopted for the analysis and the data is collected through exploratory design, case study, and survey design. The sample consists of sugarcane growers, i.e., landowner farmers, ex-farmers, and employed farmers. The results based on multiple regression model indicated that only three factors (rainfall, soil conditions, and irrigation) have significant effect on the production of sugarcane. Some suggestions and implications are mentioned based on empirical findings.