Infants born before 32 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) and receiving respiratory support at 36 weeks PMA are diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. This label suggests that their need for supplemental oxygen is primarily due to acquired dysplasia of airways and airspaces, and that the supplemental oxygen (O2) is treating residual parenchymal lung disease. However, current approaches to ventilatory support in the first days of life, including artificial surfactant use and lower ventilating pressures have changed the pathology of chronic lung disease, and emerging evidence suggests that immature ventilatory control may also contribute to the need for supplemental oxygen at 36 weeks PMA. In all newborns, maturation of ventilatory control continues ex utero and is a plastic process. Supplemental O2 mitigates the hypoxemic effects of delayed maturation of ventilatory control, as well as reduces the duration and frequency of periodic breathing events. Prematurity is associated with altered and occasionally aberrant maturation of ventilatory control. Infants born prematurely, with or without a diagnosis of BPD, are more prone to long-lasting effects of dysfunctional ventilatory control. Awareness of the interaction between parenchymal lung disease and delayed maturation of ventilatory control is essential to understanding why a given premature infant requires and is benefitting from supplemental O2 at 36 weeks PMA.

With the increasing deployment of smart buildings and infrastructure, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) devices and the underlying IT network have become essential elements for the proper operations of these highly complex systems. Of course, with the increase in automation and the proliferation of SCADA devices, a corresponding increase in surface area of attack on critical infrastructure has increased. Understanding device behaviors in terms of known and understood or potentially qualified activities versus unknown and potentially nefarious activities in near-real time is a key component of any security solution. In this paper, we investigate the challenges with building robust machine learning models to identify unknowns purely from network traffic both inside and outside firewalls, starting with missing or inconsistent labels across sites, feature engineering and learning, temporal dependencies and analysis, and training data quality (including small sample sizes) for both shallow and deep learning methods. To demonstrate these challenges and the capabilities we have developed, we focus on Building Automation and Control networks (BACnet) from a private commercial building system. Our results show that ”Model Zoo” built from binary classifiers based on each device or behavior combined with an ensemble classifier integrating information from all classifiers provides a reliable methodology to identify unknown devices as well as determining specific known devices when the device type is in the training set. The capability of the Model Zoo framework is shown to be directly linked to feature engineering and learning, and the dependency of the feature selection varies depending on both the binary and ensemble classifiers as well.

The patient was a 40-year-old man with penetrating chest trauma two days before being referred to our hospital.during first repair LAD artery was sutured.because of ongoing CP, he was candidate for bypass surgery and revascularization .The surgeon had reported ligation of LADA by some sutures during previous cardiac repair.

Background: The estrogen receptor (ER)-negative/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (sPR positive) phenotype is an infrequent and independent biological entity. However, the prognosis of patients with sPR positive and her-2 negative phenotype is still controversial, and it is not always easy to decide treatment strategies for them. Methods: Patients during 2010–2014 were identified from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate cancer-specific survival (CSS). The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to balance differences of characteristics in groups. The Life-Table method was used to calculate 5-year CSS rates and the annual hazard rate of death (HRD). Results: A total of 97,527 patients were included, and only 745 (0.76%) patients were sPR positive phenotype. The majority of sPR positive breast cancer were basal-like subtype. Survival analysis showed that the sPR positive breast cancer had similar prognosis comparing to ER-negative/PR-negative (dHR negative) breast cancer, and had the highest HRD during the initial 1-2 years of follow-up, then maintained the HRD of almost zero during the late years of follow-up. Conclusions: The patients with sPR positive and her-2 negative breast cancer, similar to dHR negative breast cancer, had a worse survival, and could benefit from chemotherapy significantly. However, the escalating endocrine therapy was not recommended for sPR positive patients. The patients with sPR positive should be excluded from future clinical trials concerning endocrine therapy.

Mutualism discernibly connects the evolution of two or more interacting taxa. Endosymbioses, especially those that are obligate, are an intimate mutualism that link the evolution of host and endosymbiont. In these instances, we may expect codiversification of hosts and endosymbionts as well as host demography discernibly affecting the course of endosymbiont evolution. While many studies have demonstrated cospeciation of hosts and endosymbionts, detailed investigations of the impact of host demography on endosymbiont molecular evolution are generally lacking. Here, we sequenced complete genomes of carpenter ants (Genus Camponotus) and their Blochmannia endosymbionts to investigate their codiversification and test hypotheses about how host demography impacts molecular evolution in endosymbionts. Using whole genome phylogenomics, we identified strong signatures of codiversification between carpenter ants and their endosymbionts. We found that endosymbiont genes have evolved rapidly, at a pace of ~30x that of their hosts. Using multiple tests for selection in Blochmannia genes, we found signatures of positive selection and shifts in selection strength across the phylogeny. We identified a positive relationship between host demography and shifts toward intensified selection in endosymbiont genes, but no relationship between host demography and shifts toward relaxed selection in endosymbiont genes. About 10% of the Blochmannia genes exhibited variable presence and absence across endosymbiont genomes. Of those, about half exhibited phylogenetic signal, indicating somewhat random patterns of gene loss in endosymbiont genomes. Lastly, we found no relationship between host demography and endosymbiont gene loss.

Low-coverage whole genome sequencing (lcWGS) has emerged as a powerful and cost-effective approach for population genomic studies in both model and non-model species. However, with read depths too low to confidently call individual genotypes, lcWGS requires specialized analysis tools that explicitly account for genotype uncertainty. A growing number of such tools have become available, but it can be difficult to get an overview of what types of analyses can be performed reliably with lcWGS data, and how the distribution of sequencing effort between the number of samples analyzed and per-sample sequencing depths affects inference accuracy. In this introductory guide to lcWGS, we first illustrate how the per-sample cost for lcWGS is now comparable to RAD-seq and Pool-seq in many systems. We then provide an overview of software packages that explicitly account for genotype uncertainty in different types of population genomic inference. Next, we use both simulated and empirical data to assess the accuracy of allele frequency and genetic diversity estimation, detection of population structure, and selection scans under different sequencing strategies. Our results show that spreading a given amount of sequencing effort across more samples with lower depth per sample consistently improves the accuracy of most types of inference, with a few notable exceptions. Finally, we assess the potential for using imputation to bolster inference from lcWGS data in non-model species, and discuss current limitations and future perspectives for lcWGS-based population genomics research. With this overview, we hope to make lcWGS more approachable and stimulate its broader adoption.

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is having devastating effects on every country around the world. SARS-CoV-2 can be fatal in patients with described risk factors. A question remains as to whether other immunosuppressed populations are at risk for severe complications. There is limited data on the impact of COVID-19 in young patients with bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFs). 29 institutions, from the NAPAAC consortium, reported 4 with BMFs diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. These patients presented with relatively mild clinical courses, raising questions as to why this apparently low morbidity and mortality

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is a type 2-mediated inflammatory disease associated with significant burden due to symptoms and high recurrence rate after surgery. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-4 receptor subunit α, has demonstrated good clinical efficacy and acceptable safety in phase II and phase III trials.

Muscle protein catabolism in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) results in striking losses of muscle proteins, which increases morbidity and mortality risks. Emerging evidence shows that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play an important role in the maintenance of health and disease development. Recently, the connection between butyrate (a SCFA) and DN has been revealed, although the relationship between butyrate and muscle atrophy is still not clear. In our study, we found a significant decrease in butyrate in DN using metabolomics analyses. The addition of butyrate remarkably intestinal barrier function. Concurrently, butyrate could alleviate muscle atrophy and promote PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals, and suppress oxidative stress and autophagy in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice as well as high glucose/lipopolysaccharide (HG/LPS)-induced C2C12 cells. To further explore the mechanism, we found that GPR43, the key SCFAs signaling molecule, was significantly decreased in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice and HG/LPS-induced C2C12 cells. Overexpression of GPR43 could activate PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals and inhibit oxidative stress and autophagy in HG/LPS-induced C2C12 cells. Silencing of GPR43 blocked PI3K/AKT/mTOR signals improved by butyrate, as well as suppression of oxidative stress and reduction of autophagy. Ultimately, butyrate alleviated muscle atrophy in DN via GPR43-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

A document by Omid Akbarzadeh Pivehzhani. Click on the document to view its contents.

Background and Purpose: Liver fibrosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide of which no acceptable therapy exists. Accumulating evidence supports that glioma-associated oncogene homologue 1(GLI1) is a potentially important therapeutic target for liver fibrosis. This study investigates the antifibrotic activities and potential mechanisms of Physalin B (PB), a natural Solanaceae compound. Experimental Approach: Mice subjected to CCl4 challenge and bile duct ligation were used to study the antifibrotic effects of PB in vivo. Mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) and human HSC line LX‐2 also served as an in vitro liver fibrosis model. Liver fibrogenic genes, GLI1 downstream genes were examined using western blot and real-time PCR analyses. GLI1 acetylation and LAP2α-HDAC1 interaction were analyzed by coimmunoprecipitation. Key Results: In animal models, PB administration attenuated hepatic histopathological injury, collagen accumulation, and reduced the expression of fibrogenic genes. PB dose‐dependently suppressed fibrotic marker expression in LX‐2 cells and mouse pHSCs. Mechanistic studies showed PB inhibited GLI activity in a non-canonical Hedgehog signaling. PB blocked lamina-associated polypeptide 2 α (LAP2α)/ histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) complex formation thereby inhibited HDAC1mediated GLI1 deacetylation. PB downregulated the acetylation and expression of GLI1, and subsequently inhibiting HSC activation. Conclusions and Implications: PB exerted potent antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo by disrupting the LAP2α/HDAC1 complex, increasing GLI1 acetylation and inactivating GLI1. This indicates that PB may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis.

Chemical Structure Molecular formula C21H20O6 Molecular weight gr/mol 38/368

1. IntroductionToday, with the spread of inventions and discoveries in the science of chemistry, a great impact on human civilization is observed. Because of the importance and the important role of chemistry in today’s societies and various industries, it poses a great threat to human health and the environment due to chemical processes. There are various methods used today to synthesize materials that must be compatible with the human body. However, the synthesis methods employed have environmental problems [1, 2].One of the most important methods of material synthesis is the green synthesis method. Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and production of harmful substances to human health and the environment. This is one of the most important methods of synthesis because the most important goal of green chemistry is to reduce the pollution caused by the synthesis as well as the use of biocompatible materials and renewables [3]. Other goals of green chemistry are to use healthier chemical processes rather than current trends or to react in safer conditions, to produce healthier products and to increase energy efficiency and reaction efficiency. They also design processes today that require less auxiliary materials, especially chemical solvents [4]. Sometimes chemical and biochemical reactions are carried out together to make the final process healthier and to reduce their side effects to the extent possible [5-7]. Therefore, in this paper, in addition to using biocompatible and renewable materials, the synthesis method has been designed and selected in such a way that it has biological processes and minimal biological side effects. As well as nanocomposites synthesized in this way, it can separate environmental pollutants. For thousands of years, dyeing materials have been widely used in industries such as textiles, dyeing, pigments and many other applications [8].As a result, dyes are one of the main sources of environmental contamination that can lead to skin diseases, respiratory problems and the risk of cancer [9,10]. For this reason, it is important to effectively remove the dyes from the sewage and to ensure that the water is discharged and treated and discharged to the current waterbed. Various methods have been used so far to effectively remove hazardous substances from aqueous solutions; These methods include biological, physical, oxidation, electrical coagulation, photocatalytic, chemical degradation [11-14]. Particularly important are ternary magnetic nanocomposites, containing metal-organic frameworks, magnetic ferrite nickel and silica nanoparticles.In recent years, the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and magnetic nanocomposites has become significantly important due to their application in various fields such as sorbents [15], biomedicine [16], magnetic fluids [17], catalysts [18], biotechnology [19], information storage and environmental correction [20,21]. Metal-organic frameworks are a group of porous cordial polymers that have various metal centers and bridges that led to the formation of various structures [22-25]. Among magnetic nanoparticles, ferrite nanoparticles due to their special properties such as ease of synthesis, high volume surface area, magnetic properties, the ability to easily and quickly extract different species just by applying an external magnetic field can be used in the separation and extraction of various organic and inorganic species, especially environmental pollutants [26-30].By reducing the size of magnetic nanoparticles, the surface-to-volume ratio increases and as a result, their reactivity has increased, and their magnetic properties are more affected by the surface. Therefore, magnetic nanoparticles are more reactive than mass magnetic particles. Therefore, in various applications, they must be protected against corrosion and other reactions [31]. The presence of a protective layer as a shell on a nanoparticle, in addition to protecting the nanoparticles from reactions, prevents them from sticking together and clumping [32]. In this research, silicon (SiO2) has been used as a coating. This coating not only stabilizes nickel ferrite nanoparticles in solutions, but also allows the formation of bonds on the surface of nickel ferrite nanoparticles by creating different ligands [33].For this reason, magnetic nanoparticles were used to synthesized nanocomposite acting smart and to be controlled by an external magnetic field. Because the magnetic nanoparticles have a low surface area, they absorb a small amount of environmental pollutants, so metal-organic frameworks were placed on them to increase the surface area and maximize the adsorption capacity of these particles [34-36]. One of the applications of metal-organic frameworks is their use in the absorption and separation of gases and liquids [37,38].Abdi et al. synthesized magnetic metal-organic framework nanocomposite (ZIF-8@SiO2@MnFe2O4) by co-synthesis and after characterization to removal the cationic dye malachite green and the anionic dye methyl orange. They found that the nano composite magnetic metal-organic framework synthesized can be remove and absorb 92.5% of malachite green, cation dye and 5.9% of methyl orange dye from dye solutions [39]. Thi Minh et al. synthesized the magnetic metal-organic framework (Fe3O4@MIL-101) and then proceeded to photo catalytically degrade the methylene blue dye [40]. Tingting et al were able to remove rhodamine B6 dyes from the dyeing wastewater by synthesizing single-phase porous magnetic composite Ni@MOF-74(Ni) [41].Hosseinzadeh et al by synthesizing the metal-organic framework (Fe-BTC), they removed the methylene blue dye. The metal-organic framework synthesized in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, UV light and ultrasonic device showed high photocatalytic properties and found that the dye removal mechanism follows Fenton’s method [42]. When ferrite magnetic nanoparticles are introduced into the substrate of metal-organic frameworks, they induce the magnetic properties of the resulting nanocomposite. Consequently, the synthesized magnetic nanocomposite acts as a stronger inhomogeneous adsorbent and is easily used for the removal of toxic dyes and pollutants and, ultimately, easily separated with an external magnet, which saves time, energy and costs.In this paper, NiFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1 adsorbent was prepared by in in-situ self-assembly method, which is one of the green synthesis methods, and identified by elemental analysis. Synthesized samples application in methylene blue pollutant adsorption and influence of time and pH factors were investigated. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and adsorption mechanisms and other mentioned thermodynamic parameters on magnetic nanocomposites were thoroughly investigated and analyzed.

Background: To investigate the relationship between ureteral wall thickness (UWT) and other variables of patients who underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in the primary treatment of the ureteral stone above the iliac crest level. Material and methods: A total of 147 patients aged 18 years and older, who underwent SWL in our clinic between December 2016 and December 2019 for the treatment of ureteral stones above the iliac crest level and had a non-contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (NCCT) scans before the procedure were included in the clinical study. The results were evaluated at three months after SWL. The absence of residual fragments was considered as stone-free status, and the existence of any size residual fragment was considered as treatment failure. Results: In our study, the mean age of the patients was 42.4 ± 12.8 years, and the stone-free rate was 92.5%. The median transverse stone size was 7.5 mm (min 2.8 - max 15), and the median UWT was 4.2 mm (1 - 8.7). In the multivariate analysis, UWT (p = 0.002) and multiple stone presence (p = 0.027) were found to be independent factors affecting stone-free status. In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the optimal threshold value for UWT was determined as 5.25 mm. Conclusions: We found that UWT was the most important independent variable associated with increased failure in SWL treatment. The presence of multiple stones was another independent factor that increased failure rates. Using SWL technology through experience accumulated with the mechanical hardware of the machine, we can select patients who are more suitable for this treatment and improve treatment outcomes.

In this work oplus-g-radical supplemented modules are defined and some properties of these modules are investigated. It is proved that the finite direct sum of oplus-g-radical supplemented modules is also oplus-g-radical supplemented.

The objective of this paper is to construct an extension of the class of Jones distribution Banach spaces $SD^p[\R^n], 1\le p\le \infty,$ which appeared in the book by Gill and Zachary \cite{TG} to $S{D^p}[\R^{\infty}]$ for $1\leq p \leq \infty.$ These spaces are separable Banach spaces, which contain the Schwartz distributions as continuous dense embedding. These spaces provide a Banach space structure for Henstock-Kurzweil integrable functions that is similar to the Lebesgue spaces for Lebesgue integrable functions.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NaCl salinity (0, 100 and 300 mM) on the individual response of the quinoa varieties Kcoito (Altiplano Ecotype) and UDEC-5 (Sea-level Ecotype) with physiological and proteomic approaches. UDEC-5 showed an enhanced capacity to withstand salinity stress compared to Kcoito. In response to salinity, we detected overall the following differences between both genotypes: Toxicity symptoms, plant growth performance, photosynthesis performance and intensity of ROS-defense. We found a mirroring of these differences in the proteome of each genotype. Among the 700 protein spots reproducibly detected, 24 exhibited significant abundance variations between samples. These 24 proteins were involved in energy and carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, ROS scavenging and detoxification, stress defense and chaperone functions, enzyme activation and ATPases. A specific set of proteins predominantly involved in photosynthesis and ROS scavenging showed significantly higher abundance under high salinity (300 mM NaCl). The adjustment was accompanied by a stimulation of various metabolic pathways to balance the supplementary demand for energy or intermediates. However, the more salt-resistant genotype UDEC-5 presented a beneficial and significantly higher expression of nearly all stress-related altered enzymes than Kcoito. Salinity, halophyte, quinoa, proteomic, photosynthesis, antioxidant, salt resistance, oxidative stress.

MethodThe experiment was designed a randomized complete block design with three replications. The pre-sowing herbicide was applied to the soil and the plots were kept weed-free by hand weeding during the growing period. 300 kg ha-1 of Di-ammonium phosphate (54 kgha-1 N, 138 kg ha-1P2O5) fertilizer was applied and incorporated to soil before planting. Urea (46%N) at the rates of 400 kg ha-1 was applied as two times; before first (beginning of flowering) and third (pod formation) irrigation (200 kg ha-1 + 200 kg ha-1) in each three years. Plot size was 2.8 x 5.0 m (14.0 m2) and spacing between row and plant was 70 and 15 cm, respectively. The seeds were treated with fungicide before sowing (80% Thiram ) at the rate of 4 g kg-1 seeds for controlling Aspergillus Crown rot (Aspergillus niger van Tieghem). The seeds were sown by hand at 5 April in 2017, 7 April in 2018 and 6 April in 2019. During the growing period, recommended pesticides and fungicides were applied at proper time intervals to control insects and diseases. Sprinkler irrigation was applied at 10 days intervals to maintained soil moisture close to field capacity. The remaining cultural practices such as inter row cultivation and weed control were applied during the growing period. The plants were harvested by hand after sowing 150 days (in September) in each three years.Data collection and analysis :The data belonging to oil content and oil quality characteristics such as fatty acids composition, L/O and Iodine values (IV) were recorded after harvesting (Gulluoglu et al., 2016).The oil content was extracted from peanut seeds using “Soxhlet equipment” and oil percentage was estimated according to Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC, 2010). The fatty acids composition of the peanut oil was analyzed according to Association of Official Analytical Chemist (Anon., 2010) using Gas Chromatograph equipment (Hewlett-Packard Company, Wilmington, DE, USA). Iodine values (IV) = [(% oleic acid x 0.8601) + (% linoleic acid x 1.7321)] and Oleic acid/Linoleic acid (O/L) ratio=[% oleic acid (18:1)/linoleic acid (18:2)] of the peanut oils were calculated using the equation given by Hashim et al. (1993) and Chowdhury et al. (2015).The data were statistically and correlation analyzed by using JMP 8.1.0 package program with repeat years on randomized complete block design. The Least Significant Differences (LSD) test was used to compare the treatments at 0.01 level.

Objective: Social determinants of health (SDH) have been shown to correlate with adverse cancer outcomes. It is unclear if their impact goes beyond behavioral risk or healthcare access. We aimed to evaluate the association of SDH with endometrial cancer outcomes in a public healthcare system. Design and Setting: A retrospective cohort study of endometrial cancer patients in Ontario, Canada. Population: Women diagnosed with endometrial cancer in Ontario between 2009-2017. Methods: Clinical and sociodemographic variables were extracted from administrative databases. Validated marginalization scores for material deprivation, residential instability and ethnic concentration were used. Associations between marginalization and survival were evaluated using log-rank testing and Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: 20228 women with endometrial cancer were identified. Fewer patients in marginalized communities presented with early disease (70% vs. 76%, p<0.001) and received surgery (89% vs. 93%, p<0.001). Overall survival was shorter among marginalized patients (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis adjusted for patient and disease factors, overall marginalization (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.03-1.08), material deprivation (HR=1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35) and residential instability (HR=1.32, 95% CI 1.19-1.46) were associated with increased risk of death (p<0.001). Conclusions: Socioeconomic marginalization is associated with an increased risk of death in endometrial cancer patients. Targetable events in the cancer care pathway should be identified to improve health equity Funding: This study was supported by a grant (#RD-196) from the Hamilton Health Sciences Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Center Foundation Keywords: uterine cancer, endometrial cancer, social determinants of health

A document by Chunyan Zhu. Click on the document to view its contents.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is a calcium permeable, non-selective cation channel, expressed in the sensory neurons and non-neuronal cells of different tissues. Initially studied for its role in pain and inflammation, TRPA1 has now functionally involved in multiple other physiological functions. TRPA1 channel has been extensively studied for modulation by pungent compounds present in the spices and herbs. In the last decade, the role of TRPA1 agonism in body weight reduction, secretion of hunger and satiety hormones, insulin secretion and thermogenesis, has unveiled the potential of the TRPA1 channel to be used as a preventive target to tackle obesity and associated comorbidities including insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarized the recent findings of TRPA1 based dietary/non-dietary modulation for its role in obesity prevention and therapeutics.

Objective: To investigate the connections among social support, stress, and depression. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Guizhou Province in China. Population or Sample: An aggregate of 1,056 expectant ladies, had finished our questionnaire during pregnancy from March to April in 2020. Methods: The Edinburgh prenatal sadness scale, an independent pressure scale, and social support scale evaluated the downturn, stress, and social support of pregnant people during the pestilence. An auxiliary condition model was utilized to examine the immediate and aberrant connection between social support and prenatal misery. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of depression. Results: During the pandemic time, 73.01% of pregnant ladies experienced prenatal misery. The model is suitable (chi-square = 11.96, CFI = 0.97, RMSEA = 0.07, RMR = 0.03). The auxiliary condition model indicated that the immediate pathway of social support to depression was critical (normalized pathway coefficient = - 0.34), and the aberrant pathway of stress to depression via social support was additionally huge (normalized pathway coefficient = 0.50). Stress partially intercedes the connection between social support and depression. Conclusion: Our discoveries posit that social support is related to an expanded danger of depression. Stress is decidedly corresponding to depression and assumes an interceding position between social support and stress. Thusly, directed mediation ought to be completed to lessen the depression of pregnant ladies and improve their psychological wellness status. Keywords: stress, depression, social support, structural equation model

The metabolism of cancer is remarkably different from that of normal cells and confers variety of benefits including the promotion of other cancer hallmarks. As the rewired metabolism is a near-universal property of cancer cells, efforts are underway to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities for therapeutic benefit. In the continued search for a safer and effective ways of cancer treatment, structurally diverse plant-based compounds have gained substantial attention. Here, we present an extensive assessment of the role of phytocompounds in modulating cancer metabolism and make a case for the use of plant-based compounds in targeting metabolic vulnerabilities of cancer. We discuss the interactions of phytocompounds with major metabolic pathways and evaluate the role of phytochemicals in the regulation of growth signaling and transcriptional programs involved in metabolic transformation of cancer. Lastly, we examine the potential of these compounds in clinical management of cancer along with limitations and challenges

Background and Purpose: Canthin-6-one (Cant) is an indole alkaloid found in different medicinal plants, reported to be gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal and anti-proliferative. We aimed to explore Cant in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC) using a trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat model. Experimental Approach: Cant (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats followed by induction of colitis with TNBS. Macroscopic and histopathological scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed in colon tissues. Pro- (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12p70) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also quantified. Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) and Toll-like receptor-8 (TLR8), as putative targets, were considered through in silico analysis. Key Results: Cant (5 and 25 mg/kg) reduced macroscopic and histological colon damage scores in TNBS-treated rats. MPO and MDA were reduced by up to 61.69% and 92.45%, respectively, compared to TNBS-treated rats alone. Glutathione concentration was reduced in rats administered with TNBS alone (50.00% of sham group), being restored to 72.73% (of sham group) under Cant treatment. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12p70 and VEGF were reduced, and anti-inflammatory IL-10 was increased following Cant administration compared to rats administered TNBS alone. Docking ligation results for MAPK14 (p38α) and TLR8 with Cant, confirmed that these proteins are feasible putative targets. Conclusions and Implications: Cant has an anti-inflammatory effect in the intestine by down-regulating immune molecular mediators and decreasing oxidative stress. Therefore, Cant could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and related syndromes.